www.chemengonline.com December 2024 Cover Story 19 Part 1. Methods for Conceptual Capital-Cost Estimation Conceptual capital-cost estimates are important for assessing the economic viability of proposed projects, but their usefulness depends on understanding how to appropriately apply the estimates 25 Part 2. Cost Engineering with Previously Owned Process Equipment Previously owned process equipment can offer significant cost savings in capital construction projects, but there are important questions to consider before pursuing preowned equipment In the News 5 Chementator A more mechanical method for methanol manufacture; Successful pilot study of water reuse technology at commercial site; A more economical process for bio-succinic acid piloted; Upcycling gypsum to sulfuric acid in a zero-liquid-discharge demonstration plant; Catalyst developed for conversion of CH4 to methanol; New injector technology fundamentally improves combustion flexibility; and more 25 9 Business News Evonik breaks ground on specialty-amine production plant in Nanjing; Shell Chemicals Park Moerdijk starts up waste-plastics processing unit; Veolia and Morocco to establish Africa's largest desalination project; LanzaTech and Eramet announce plans for integrated CCUS project in Norway; and more 12 Newsfront Level Up Advanced level-measurement devices enhanced with intelligence solve CPI challenges Technical and Practical 11 Tower Doctor The Case of the Lying Gamma Scan Henry Kister shares lessons learned from troubleshooting distillation towers 18 Facts at your Fingertips Steam Trap Operation This one-page reference provides information on the purpose of steam traps and the different classifications of steam-trap types 29 Feature Report Electrochemical Processes for the Chemical Industry The push toward decarbonization is driving an increased interest in electrochemical processes. Here, the authors share their experience in industrializing these processes 29 12 Volume 131 | no. 12 5 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM DECEMBER 2024 1http://www.chemengonline.com http://WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM