ther the class accuracy of the measuring insert or the measurement uncertainty of the temperature transmitter. In any further measurement-uncertainty calculation, it must be taken into account, that the error cannot be positive since the sensor cannot be at a higher energy level than the process itself. Figure 7 shows an example of a non-symmetrical distribution function. FIGURE 8. Most temperature-measuring points are embedded in closed-loop systems, as shown here without thermal insulation. This also increases the temperature at the position of the sensor (that is displayed). Insulation on the outside thus not only improves the energy efficiency of the process, it also improves the accuracy of the temperature-measurement equipment on the inside. Quantifying heat-transfer errors The size of the error caused by incorrect installation depends in particular on the temperature difference between the process and the environment. It may be up to -5% of this difference. This means that these installation errors may have a much greater influence on the overall accuracy than eiImpact on closed loops The majority of all temperature measuring points are embedded in loop systems (Figure 8). In closed-loop systems, negative temperature-measuring errors can be dangerous. Since the controllerhttp://adlinks.chemengonline.com/86464-20 https://dx.doi.org/10.31030/2301583 https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/thermowells https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/thermowells http://WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM