che_november-2024 - 31
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FIGURE 2. Several decarbonization strategies related to steam crackers have been identified as promising
paths toward net-zero emissions
model was applied to examine various
decarbonization strategies and
evaluate energy efficiency and CO2
capture from fluegas.
The model contains numerous
parameters, including feedstock
composition, operating conditions,
equipment configuration and heattransfer
mechanisms. By simulating
the real-world furnace behavior
and characteristics, the software
provides a virtual environment to
experiment with different scenarios
for decarbonization.
The study explored the impact of
various parameters on the performance
of the cracker, focusing on
energy efficiency and emissions intensity.
The primary objective was to
minimize emissions and associated
costs, while maximizing energy efficiency,
product yields and resulting
profit. The profit is determined by
the difference between revenue and
costs, where revenue is derived from
products sales and costs encompass
expenses such as feedstock
and utilities. By optimizing these parameters,
this investigation provides
the means to select the most effective
decarbonization strategies.
Results and discussion
Process simulator software was
used to investigate and analyze the
effect of different scenarios related
to the energy efficiency and CO2emissions
reduction of the steam
cracker, as follows:
(A) Altering the hydrocarbon feed
ratio (S/C)
(B) Altering the coil outlet temperature
(COT)
(C) Adjusting excess air
(D) Adjusting fuel composition (fuel
switching)
(E) Multi-objective optimization
This study examined these scenarios
because they require relatively
minor physical modifications and can
be readily implemented into existing
plants. To perform this analysis, several
key performance indictors (KPIs)
were considered, whose definitions
are provided in Table 1. In Table 1,
the margin is defined as: margin =
revenue - cost, where revenue is related
to product yield and price, and
product yield is a function of S/C
and COT.
Cost is calculated as cost = feed
cost + energy cost + emissions
cost, where energy cost is a function
of energy type, rate and price,
and emissions cost is a function
of emissions rate and emissions
cost index.
For the study's base case and (A)-
(E) scenarios, two types of margin
calculation are considered: one incorporating
a carbon tax (CT) index
of $0.05/kgC2, C3 and the other conCHEMICAL
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che_november-2024
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of che_november-2024
che_november-2024 - Cover1
che_november-2024 - Cover2
che_november-2024 - 1
che_november-2024 - 2
che_november-2024 - 3
che_november-2024 - 4
che_november-2024 - 5
che_november-2024 - 6
che_november-2024 - 7
che_november-2024 - 8
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che_november-2024 - 11
che_november-2024 - 12
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che_november-2024 - 14
che_november-2024 - 15
che_november-2024 - 16
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che_november-2024 - 29
che_november-2024 - 30
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che_november-2024 - 34
che_november-2024 - 35
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che_november-2024 - Cover3
che_november-2024 - Cover4
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