Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 25

AVN Corp.
Outer
Insulation
Layer
AVN Corp.
Heat
tape
Insulation
intermediate
layer
thermocouple
Column
Inner
insulation
layer
FIGURE 5. The diagram shows an unjacketed distillation
column with insulation and heat tape. (Copyright
R. Nunley, Matric. Used with permission)
distillation column is using a glass
double-bulb receiver (Figure 1). During
normal operation, a vacuum
pump maintains the column and
both bulbs of the receiver at the
same pressure. Condensate flows
continuously and by gravity into the
upper bulb, then down to the lower
bulb. When the lower bulb has become
sufficiently filled, it will be isolated
by valves so that condensate
continues to flow into the upper bulb.
The vacuum on the lower bulb will be
released, which allows its contents
to be drained. The lower bulb is then
re-evacuated to the same pressure
as the column and the upper bulb
and the valve between the bulbs is
opened to allow condensate to once
again flow from the upper to the
lower bulb.
This system for distillate collection
works well for many small-scale vacuum-distillate
columns. The equipment
requirements are minimal,
and it is easy and fast to assemble.
However, it is prone to column pressure
" bumping " if the lower bulb reevacuation
is not done properly, and
this design does not allow for unattended
operation.
As an alternative, for some smallscale
distillation columns, a system
for distillate collection is utilized that
is typical of that used for commercial
scale (Figure 2). Condensate
flows into a surge vessel, which has
a liquid-level instrument that controls
a pump. The pump flowrate is adjusted,
based on the liquid-level inFIGURE
6. The batch distillation column in the
photo is surrounded by a homemade Plexiglass
enclosure with heat guns
strument, to maintain a flowrate that
is equal to the condensate rate. The
pump also pumps from vacuum to
atmospheric pressure. This system
allows for automated operation and
avoids upsetting the column pressure.
However, it requires additional
equipment, and there may be pumppriming
issues.
These two methods can also
be used for the collection of sidestreams.
However, care must be
taken with regard to the vent system.
The pressure at the sidestream will
be higher than at the top of the column
due to the pressure drop in the
trays or packing, so the sidestream
liquid-takeoff point on the column
must be vented to the column at
that location. A nitrogen blowback
system may also be required to
avoid the escape of vapors from the
column. This involves feeding nitrogen
into the instrument line at a superficial
velocity that is sufficient to
prevent the flow of condensable vapors
from entering this line from the
column in order to prevent measurement
errors.

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Chemical Engineering March 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering March 2023

Chemical Engineering March 2023 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 1
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 2
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 3
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 4
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 5
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 6
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 7
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - 8
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Chemical Engineering March 2023 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering March 2023 - Cover4
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