Chemical Engineering April 2012 - 53

the flow conditions on the tube-side
of the unit.
Our conclusion is that this type of
unit is best avoided when hot liquid is
to be used as the heat source.
Vertical reboilers. One potential
problem with vertical thermosiphon
reboilers that operate with hot liquid
as a heat source is excessive generation
of vapor in the lower parts of the
tube. This can give rise to a " choking "
effect where so much vapor is generated
that there is insufficient head
provided in the down-pipe feeding
the unit to drive the two-phase flow
through the unit. The result is vapor
travelling back through the feed leg.
Operation of the unit becomes unstable.
Tubes dry out and fouling, erosion
or corrosion can occur.
This problem is most commonly encountered
when the ratio of the liquid
to vapor density is high (found when
vaporizing organic compounds of molecular
weight less than 200 at atmospheric
pressure). The phenomenon is
sensitive to reboiler tube length (the
longer the tube, the more likely the
problem). Any limit on the temperature
of the hot stream should be determined
through analysis of reboiler behavior
ahead of integration analysis.
Horizontal reboilers. The rate of
vapor generation is also a consideration
that must be taken into account
when the design of horizontal units for
use in integrated schemes is considered.
The generation of a lot of vapor
in the first baffle spaces of a unit can
give rise to problems from poor phase
distribution further along the unit.
The problem is more acute for duties
involving high liquid-to-vapor density
ratios. Curves that allow the engineer
to determine these effects have been
presented by Vazquez-Ramirez and
others [1], and are reproduced here in
Figures 6 and 7. (For more on these
curves and additional information on
two-phase flow, see Designing Shell
and Tube Heat Exchangers: Consider
Two-Phase Flow, Chem. Eng., January
2012, pp. 36-39.)
C
M
Y
CM
MY
CY
CMY
K
■
Edited by Dorothy Lozowski
References
1. Vazquez -Ramirez E.E., Riesco Avila M. &
Polley G.T. " Two Phase Flow through Horizontal
Tube Bundles: Implications for Heat
Exchanger Design " , AIChE Spring Meeting,
2011.
Circle 15 on p. 82 or go to adlinks.che.com/40266-15

http://adlinks.che.com/40266-15

Chemical Engineering April 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering April 2012

Contents
Chemical Engineering April 2012 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering April 2012 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering April 2012 - Contents
Chemical Engineering April 2012 - 2
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