Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 38

Cover Story
Part 2
Prevent Product
Release with Pressure
Protection Systems
Closing off pressure upstream can minimize the need for pressure-relief systems to open,
avoiding product waste and possible environmental damage
Erik Mathiason
and
Afton Coleman
Emerson Automation
Solutions
IN BRIEF
RELIEVING PRESSURE AT
THE SOURCE
LOOKING AT THE
INDIVIDUAL PARTS
IMPLEMENTING
AN IMPROVED
OVERPRESSURE
PROTECTIVE SYSTEM
PUTTING IT ALL
TOGETHER
Redundant (2oo3)
pressure transmitters
Asset management software
Safety logic solver
Communications link
Redundant final
elements
Emerson Automation
Solutions
Upstream
A
38
ny system within a chemical process
industries (CPI) manufacturing
plant that is pressurized, or
could experience pressure during
an upset or malfunction, must have a
pressure-relief mechanism. This helps alleviate
a situation where pressure capable
of bursting vessels or piping develops. The
first approach for protection is a mechanical
device designed to open at a specific
pressure to release the contents. Typical
examples are pressure-relief valves (PRVs)
or rupture disks. These open and allow the
contents to escape to the atmosphere, a
flare manifold or a collection system.
The problem with this approach is the
amount of product lost, along with the potential
for an environmental incident if the
contents are not fully captured and treated
appropriately. For example, a plant's flare
system must have the capacity to handle
large releases, which could require a more
robust system than is needed on a routine
FIGURE 1. The OPS is installed on a main line supplying a
process unit. If the feed pressure passes a critical threshold,
it shuts off the feed prior to the PRV opening
basis. In other words, an overpressure incident
involving product release through a mechanical
pressure-relief system is expensive
not only in lost product and potential environmental
incidents, but also in the equipment
necessary to handle the release. This
can be made all the worse by a large process
supply, such as that found in a pipeline.
Without being shut off, the flow out of an
opened PRV from a pipeline could be virtually
inexhaustible.
In some situations, it may be more practical
to change the approach from releasing
the pressure to cutting it off upstream at
the source as quickly as possible to minimize
or prevent product release through a
PRV. Although this seems like an obvious
solution, it happens less than one would
expect; product is still lost with all the associated
costs and inconveniences. It is
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Chemical Engineering April 2019

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering April 2019

Contents
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - Contents
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 2
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 3
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 4
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 5
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 6
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 7
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 8
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 9
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 10
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - 11
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Chemical Engineering April 2019 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering April 2019 - Cover4
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