Chemical Engineering April 2023 - 4

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Electrochemistry
Another pathway toward electrification in the CPI is development of
electrochemical processes. While not new (recall that our first issue
in 1902 was titled Electrochemical Industry), the emphasis on decarbonization
is fueling strong interest in electrochemistry, including and
beyond the much-discussed electrolytic route to hydrogen production.
Two examples of groups working in this area are: a recently formed,
multidisciplinary collaboration between U.S. universities and national
laboratories called DC-MUSE, which stands for Decarbonizing
Chemical Manufacturing Using Sustainable
Electrification (www.dc-muse.org); and the eRefinery
at TU-Delft in the Netherlands (www.tudelft.
nl/e-refinery). Information about their programs can
be found on their websites. And for further reading
on electrochemistry, see " Electrochemistry Spreads
its Wings, " Chem. Eng., pp. 12-16, Sept. 2021. ■
Dorothy Lozowski, Editorial Director
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APRIL 2023
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PAUL S. GRAD (AUSTRALIA)
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Energizing the CPI
T
he first issue of this publication in September of 1902, then
titled Electrochemical Industry, contained this statement from
professor C.F. Burgess: " Chemical manufacturing was a number
of years ago considered best developed when the processes
were so simple that no power was necessary to assist in the
chemical reactions, but this condition has changed and the chemical
industries are now pre-eminently power-using industries. "
The chemical process industries (CPI) have grown tremendously
since that time, and according to the International Energy Agency
(www.iea.org), the chemical sector is now the largest industrial energy
consumer and the third largest industrial producer of CO2 emissions.
While energy efficiency has long been a focus of the CPI, the current
" energy transition, " driven by sustainability and decarbonization
goals, is in turn, driving the CPI to rethink energy sourcing and usage.
Industrial electrification
In response to the changing energy landscape, industrial manufacturers
are investigating process electrification, which would allow renewable
energy sources to be used in place of fossil fuels. This is becoming
more feasible as the cost of wind and solar energy decreases.
Options for industrial electrification, such as using electric motors in
place of steam or gas turbines, electric heaters instead of fuel-fired
ones, and heat-pumps, are discussed in detail in our two-part Cover
Story on pages 28-38 of this issue.
Nuclear fission is another potential source of energy for industrial
settings that is gaining attention with advances in small modular reactors
(SMRs). SMRs are, as their name implies, small (generating up
to 300 MW(e) per unit) and modular (can be factory assembled and
brought to a location for installation). There are numerous SMR designs
in development. Last month, the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA;
www.oecd-nea.org) introduced a publication that tracks the progress
of 21 SMR designs toward commercialization. This " SMR Dashboard "
can be found on NEA's website.
Also last month, Dow (www.dow.com) and X-Energy Reactor Co. LLC
(X-energy; www.x-energy.com ) announced a joint-development agreement
to develop a four-unit Xe-100 facility at one of Dow's U.S. Gulf Coast
sites. Xe-100 is X-energy's small modular nuclear high-temperature gascooled
reactor (HTGR). This will be the first deployment of a grid-scale
advanced nuclear reactor for an industrial site in North America.
http://www.iea.org http://www.oecd-nea.org http://www.dow.com http://www.x-energy.com http://www.dc-muse.org http://www.tudelft.nl/e-refinery http://www.tudelft.nl/e-refinery http://www.accessintel.com http://WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM
Chemical Engineering April 2023

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