Chemical Engineering August 2016 - 67

APC Device
TABLE 1. CONTROL DEVICE PRESSURE DROP
Emission
Direct thermal oxidizer
Regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO)
Venturi scrubber
Acid gas absorber
Coalescing mist eliminator
Baghouse fabric filter
Dry electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
IWS
Device
Venturi
Venturi
Baghouse
Pressure
Drop, in. w.c.
10 in.
60 in.
7 in.
Organic vapors
Organic vapors
Particulate matter
Acid gases
Submicron liquid aerosols
Particulate matter
Particulate matter
Particulate matter
Particulate
loading, gr/dscf
<0.08
<0.02
<0.02
ings require a periodic bake out
cycle to keep them clean; otherwise
they may cause plugging
or overheat when the buildup
eventually catches fire
* Three-chamber RTOs (or rotaryvalve
RTOs, or those with puff
chambers) should be considered
for odor-control applications, to
prevent the release of untreated
Pressure drop
1 in. water column (w.c.)
15 in. w.c.
10-80 in. w.c.
2-6 in. w.c.
10 in. w.c.
4-8 in. w.c.
1 in. w.c. per stage
1 in. w.c. per stage
TABLE 2. POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEM POWER AND ELECTRICAL COST
Motor
horsepower
75
400
50
*Based on $0.10/kWh x 8760 h/yr x 90% onstream x 0.746 kWh/hp
gases during the small intervals
when valves change the direction
of gas flow
* Flashback-prevention devices
(such as seal pots, flame arrestors
and others) are required for
some applications
Capturing VOCs is an issue, and
EPA requires capture tests for some
sources, to make sure that fugitive
$43,000
$230,000
$ 30,000
Annual electrical cost*
emissions do not exceed limits. Capture
tests can be eliminated if a permanent
total enclosure (PTE) is used
to prevent VOC losses in a manufacturing
environment. For tank farms,
conservation vents reduce losses to
the ductwork system [7].
Condensing systems return the
vapor back into a usable liquid; however,
they only work on vent streams
with relatively high concentrations
(for instance, 50 vol.% VOC). Carbon
and zeolite adsorbers capture
the VOCs temporarily, then release
them when the adsorbent is heated
with steam or hot air. Some of these
systems can concentrate the material
sufficiently for recovery while others
send the concentrated vapors to
thermal oxidizers.
Mercury and dioxins
Mercury and air toxics (MATS) regulations
have impacted coal boilers
in a big way. The usual approach
to managing mercury is to inject
powdered activated carbon (PAC)
upstream of fabric filters and ESPs.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM
AUGUST 2016
67

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Chemical Engineering August 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering August 2016

Contents
Chemical Engineering August 2016 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering August 2016 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering August 2016 - Contents
Chemical Engineering August 2016 - 2
Chemical Engineering August 2016 - 3
Chemical Engineering August 2016 - 4
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