Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 49

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
PTFE
PFA
FEP
ETFE
Degradation
ECTFE
FIGURE 3. The processing temperature window for several fluoropolymers is shown here
Melting
most
FIGURE 2. These fluoropolymer tower packings
are used in distillation columns
maintains a Underwriters Laboratories
(UL) relative thermal index (RTI)
rating of 150°C [2]. Table 1 shows the
heat deflection temperature of fluoropolymers
with PVDF holding mechanical
integrity under pressure up
to its usage certification temperature.
Aside from PTFE, which is most
often processed by sintering, most
other commercial fluoropolymers
are melt processable, and require
high heat to process in a molten
state [4]. Equipment used to make
fluoropolymer
components
must be therefore equipped to handle
the associated thermal stresses.
Special considerations related to
temperature requirements must be
taken into account when processing
most fluoropolymers.
Unlike its fluoropolymer counterparts,
PVDF is the most benign to
process. PVDF has the widest gap
between its melt temperature and its
degradation temperature, as shown
in Figure 3. In fact, PVDF does not
require special equipment and can
be processed on standard equipment
used to process polyolefins,
such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene
(PP).
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Copolymers flexural properties
While PVDF is the strongest of the
fluoropolymers up to 140°C, PVDF
copolymers can bring added degrees
of flexibility. Copolymerization
is a true chemical reaction. It does
not involve additives or stabilizers
that can leach out over time. Some
of most common comonomers are
hexafluoropropylene (HFP), tetrafluoroethylene
(TFE), and chlorotrifluoroethylene
(CTFE). HFP is a fully
fluorinated monomer that disrupts
the crystallinity of PVDF, resulting in
added ductility and increased elongation
[5]. Varying amounts of HFP
can be reacted with VF2 to yield
broad ranges of flexibility. Table 2
PVDF
For details visit adlinks.chemengonline.com/70309-09
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM
AUGUST 2018
47
Temperature (oC)

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Chemical Engineering August 2018

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering August 2018

Contents
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - Contents
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 2
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 3
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 4
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 5
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 6
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - 7
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Chemical Engineering August 2018 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering August 2018 - Cover4
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