Chemical Engineering February 2017 - 42

for future maintenance and rebuilding.
Spare parts are also specifically addressed
by API 660. Since many plants maintain their
own equipment, spare tube plugs and gaskets
can be important parts of the shipment.
Quality assurance documentation requirements
are also provided. Documentation,
such as material certifications, heat treatment
and the types of NDE (non-destructive
examination), can be important if failures
occur. Such documentation can provide assistance
in diagnosing problems.
Since API 660 is a refinery standard, it
deals with a wide variety of fluids. It recognizes
the need to reference NACE standards
for addressing corrosion issues, such as wet
hydrogen sulfide.
With the emphasis on the corrosiveness of
the fluids, it is often desirable to have carbon
steel clad with corrosion-resistant alloys. API
660 provides some guidelines in the use of
the cladding material. This cladding can be
used for tubesheets and other pressureboundary
components.
For end-users focused on specification,
there is also a substantial amount of information
in API 660 on reporting requirements.
These requirements include welding details
and procedures. The extent to which the reporting
goes back to the end user is greater
in API 660 than in most other relevant standards.
Many of the fabrication procedures
used by the manufacturers are referenced
for review and approval. Such review and approval
requires a certain level of expertise by
the end user in order to assume responsibility
over performance and reliability.
The full review of the mechanical calculations
by the end user is similar to that in the
ASME requirements. The primary difference
is that the manufacturers' third-party authorized
inspection agency (AIA) only reviews
the calculations to ensure conformance with
the ASME requirements and does not look
at design limitations that may be imposed by
other standards or specifications. The AIA
does not check that the design meets API,
HEI or TEMA standards or the specifications
used when the units were purchased. This
would also include nozzle loads and support
loads that may be required by the standards
or by the user specification.
API 660 has several pages dedicated to inspection
and testing. This includes extensive
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Chemical Engineering February 2017

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