Chemical Engineering January 2013 - 19

Jenike & Johanson
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FIGURE 3. The Schulze Ring Shear
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always been the lack of reproducible
results in standard tests, such as the
angle of repose, Hausner ratio and the
Carr index. " These flow-measurement
tests have been around a long time,
but the methods involved can be subjective, "
says Hebert. " It has always
astounded me that chemical processors
spend hundreds of thousands of
dollars on R&D and product formulation,
but then use simple tests with
variables that can be as subjective as
how lightly or heavily someone taps a
beaker of material on a table to get a
bulk density calculation. "
What processors should be looking
for, notes Hebert, is a method that is
comparable to the old-standbys that
processors are accustomed to and comfortable
with, but uses a more defined
type of test with a defined consolidation
stream - so it's repeatable all
the time. So, to overcome challenges
related to repeatability,
reliability
and consistency, equipment providers
are turning to automated testers
that have well-defined methodologies
since these enhance reproducibility.
In addition to consistency, the newer
instruments, says Hebert, are simple
to set up and run and easily provide a
significant amount of data in a short
period of time.
" Enshrining closely defined measurement
methods in automated protocols
deskills the analytical process,
reducing reliance on operator expertise
and enhancing reproducibility, "
says Freeman. " Such advances have
therefore been instrumental in, for example,
increasing the reproducibility
associated with shear testing, thereby
ensuring its ongoing usefulness. "
Dynamic testing
Dynamic powder testing is another
helpful addition in the powder testing
arsenal, according to Freeman. He
explains that dynamic powder testing
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Chemical Engineering January 2013

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering January 2013