Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 31

information is often transferred in a
manual way, which compounds the
underlying issue.
Although there is a logical inclination
to look at the automation pyramid
for big-data applications, using
asset-management
systems
and
document-management solutions
can provide a trove of useful information.
Utilizing process analytics,
it is now possible to optimize business
processes, while learning from
real-world application usage. This
capability can help to debottleneck
common work processes.
Finally, data are classified into
two major types - structured and
unstructured. Structured data are
stored in databases, such as historians,
ERP systems, documentmanagement
systems and so on.
Structured data are often used for
reporting and analytics. On the
other hand, there is unstructured
data, consisting of documents,
drawings, specifications, emails
and so on. Due to the unstructured
nature, it is much more difficult to
gain knowledge from unstructured
data. It is often anecdotally referenced
that any given enterprise has
about 80% unstructured data and
about 20% structured information.
Armed with a better understanding
of the kinds of data available,
let us review some of the quality
aspects that are essential to any
dataset. Whether they
for small-scale integration or a
big-data initiative, these aspects
remain valid.
Data quality can be, in simple
terms, referred to as fitness for use.
Wand and Wang [13] have used
commonly cited dimensions from
literature to describe data quality.
Table 1 lists the most cited dimensions
that describe data quality. Not
all of these dimensions are applicable
for all data sources, but this
table can serve as a good means
of assessing data quality. Each of
these aspects can be different for
a given data source, and it is up to
the company to define what these
levels of quality mean for the given
dimension. As a practical example,
let us assume the information presented
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31
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FIGURE 3. If an organization is dealing with poor engineering information, there are many work-process
activities that may require significant additional time
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Chemical Engineering January 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering January 2022