Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 37

For process hazards,
the guidelines are not as
clear cut. The Marsh 100
Largest Losses Report
provides perspective.
Marsh, an insurancebrokerage
and risk-management
firm, regularly
publishes global incident
data. As this report only
reports the largest global
losses, it represents only
the tip of the loss iceberg.
Property losses
follow a similar pattern
to deaths and injuries.
Crowl and Louvar suggest
that for every 1 to
2 fatalities resulting from
an incident, there are 10 to 20 serious
injuries, 100 to 200 minor injuries,
and 1,000 to 2,000 near misses
[5].
Event probability
Loss potential
Catastrophic:
* Deaths or permanent disabilities
* Major community damage
* Major plant damage
Major:
* Hospitalizations
* Significant community damage
* Significant plant damage
Moderate:
* Injuries needing medical treatment
* Minor community damage
* Moderate plant damage
Minor:
* Minor injuries
* No community damage
* Minor plant damage
Fifty eight of those came from the
petrochemical
and
The March 2020 Marsh report
covers the 46-year period from 1974
to 2019. It describes the 100 largest
global hydrocarbon industry losses.
petroleum
refinery
segments. These resulted in
losses totaling $23 billion, as well as
the following:
* Losses averaged $500 million/yr
* The average cost of an incident
was $397 million
* Three incidents (5%) resulted in
toxic releases
* 39 (67%) began with an explosion
* 19 (33%) began with a fire
Table 4 summarizes the hardware
and equipment associated with the
58 incidents from the petrochemical
and refining sectors.
Step 3: Estimate the probability
of an incident. As was the case
TABLE 5. RISK RATING MATRIX FOR PROCESS SYNTHESIS
Very likely,
Every 0-10 years
Probable, Every
10-30 years
Possible, Every
30-100 years
Unlikely,
>100 years
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Chemical Engineering January 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering January 2022

Chemical Engineering January 2022 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 1
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 2
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 3
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 4
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 5
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 6
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - 7
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Chemical Engineering January 2022 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering January 2022 - Cover4
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