Chemical Engineering July 2020 - 35

Contacting and non-contacting
Although the intent of the sealing
applications from the first to
the fourth editions of API 682 have
been largely consistent, newer materials
and technologies have been
incorporated into the later revisions.
dry-contacting containment-seal
designs operate in gaseous environments
and use a limited amount
of fluid within the seal interface film.
to compensate for the lack of fluid
at the sealing interface, seal manufacturers
may use specially formulated
grades of carbon and optimized
spring loads to control face
wear and interface temperatures.
contacting dry-running containment
seals provide the lowest leakage
levels when sealing vapor or liquid
leakage from the inner seal, but
can be pressure limited (based on
face wear). these seals have a finite
life based on the contacting nature
of the seal faces. testing protocols
should be implemented to monitor
the condition of the containment
seal. they are typically suitable for
continuous operation in a gaseous
environment with excursions in
the flare or vapor-recovery system
up to 40 psig, in accordance with
API 682 criteria.
these seals can be either o-ring
pusher mechanical-seal designs
or dry-running metal-bellows configurations.
Both variants are used
to provide emissions control from
low-specific-gravity fluids and other
vocs when used in conjunction
with a suitable inner-seal design.
non-contacting, dry-running containment
seals (Figure 3) are seals
where the faces are designed to
intentionally create aerodynamic
or hydrodynamic separating forces
to sustain and maintain a specific
separation gap. non-contacting
containment seals use deliberate
recesses or grooves to generate
hydrodynamic lift where the faces
ride on a gas film during normal
operation. the generated film stiffness
produced from the face features
provides the face lubrication
and ensures that there is no face
contact while in operation. the noncontacting
operation of the faces
eliminates rubbing frictional heat
generation, allowing non-contactFIGURE
4. Gas-lubricated, non-contacting secondary
containment seals, often applied as a component
of a multiple seal cartridge, are resilient in
challenging process conditions, including in the
presence of low-dewpoint gases and high pressure
differentials
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Chemical Engineering July 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering July 2020

Contents
Chemical Engineering July 2020 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering July 2020 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering July 2020 - Contents
Chemical Engineering July 2020 - 2
Chemical Engineering July 2020 - 3
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Chemical Engineering July 2020 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering July 2020 - Cover4
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