Chemical Engineering June 2020 - 38

Feature Report
modular process design:
Chemical and thermal
recycling of acids
In order to recycle spent acids from different applications, a design approach based on different
process modules gives operators the flexibility needed to handle different contaminants
Kevin Schnabel,
Sebastian Bialek,
Peter Pataky and
Max HeinritzAdrian
plinke
gmbH
In BrIef
Composition of spent
aCids
proCess modules
design Criteria
example Case:
reCyCling of
nitration aCid
final remarks
s
pent or waste acids (sa)
containing sulfuric or nitric
acid are a byproduct
of various processes involving
nitration or sulfonation reactions
or of processes, in which
these acids are used for leaching
or as a catalyst. these reactions
and processes are used in the industrial
production of polymers,
drugs, pigments, other specialty
chemicals, explosives, battery
chemicals or metallurgical products.
the sa from such industries is diluted
by reaction water and contaminated with organic
and inorganic compounds.
stricter environmental regulations and rising
raw-material prices in recent years have
led to considerable cost and organizational
effort for the procurement of fresh acid and
the disposal of sa. an effective acid-recycling
system can contribute to a more costefficient,
independent and environmentally
friendly production
process. a challenge for recycling
systems, however, is the wide
variety of production processes
and the resulting sa with partly
unknown contaminants.
Chemical and thermal recycling
of sa consists of various steps
and the respective unit operations.
the applicability of these
unit operations has to be determined
individually, considering
factors such as volatility, solubility
and reactivity of the known
and unknown contaminants, the
required quality and concentration
of the recycled acid and
38
Nitric Acid
Organic
contaminants
Mixed Acid
Inorganic
contaminants
Sulfuric Acid
Figure 1. The classification of spent acids can be based on the acid itself and
the type of contaminants
the available materials of construction for
the treatment of the highly corrosive acids.
for an efficient process design, pre-defined
process modules can be combined, comprising
unit operations for specific cases.
With such a modular approach, the thermal
sa recycling is divided into three steps: (1)
removal of contaminants; (2) separation of
acid mixtures; and (3) acid concentration increase
and absorption. the used modules
Figure 2. These vials show the spent acid from a sulfonation process before
(left) and after (right) thermal oxidation. The middle vial shows a sample
taken before completing the oxidation
ChemiCal engineering www.Chemengonline.Com february 2019

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Chemical Engineering June 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering June 2020

Contents
Chemical Engineering June 2020 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering June 2020 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering June 2020 - Contents
Chemical Engineering June 2020 - 2
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