Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 28

FIGURE 6a. An air-to-air heat pump with two compression stages is shown here
FIGURE 6b. Shown here is an air-to-air heat pump with two effects in series.
A heat exchanger acts as a condenser for the low-temperature cycle and as
an evaporator for the high-temperature cycle
FIGURE 6c. This ground-to-air heat pump has solar and process heat boosts
FIGURE 6d. In this heat pump, heat is transfered to a process stream and
air in parallel
FIGURE 6e. Here, a reversible heat pump is shown that transfers heat from a
ground source to air during winter and vise versa during summer
terior. The working fluid in these types
of systems is used to transfer the
heat, and a portion of it is taken from,
and delivered to, the surroundings.
Based on technology. Closed systems
are classified into compression
or sorption-based systems, whereas
open systems are of either thermal
or mechanical vapor-recompression
type. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show different
basic configurations for each
technology type.
Vapor-compression heat pumps,
28
shown in Figure
3 (in this
case, depicting
an electrically
driven compressor)
use work to raise the pressure
of the gas.
Sorption heat pumps, such as the
absorption system shown on Figure
4, utilize a solvent with an absorption
and desorption (generator) step.
Depending on the sequence of the
flow, the system may be classified as
either an absorption heat pump or a
heat transformer.
In an absorption heat pump, the
solvent absorbs the gas from the
evaporator, allowing the fluid to be
pumped to elevate its pressure. The
rich solvent is then subject to heat at
the generator, which desorbs the gas
at a higher pressure before the condenser.
The lean solvent is returned
to the absorber through a valve that
reduces its pressure, and it is cooled
to the initial absorption temperature.
Heat transformers operate on
the same principle as absorption
heat pumps, but in reverse: the
condenser and generator operate
at a low pressure, whereas the absorber
and evaporator operate at a
high pressure.
sion
In comparison to vapor-compresheat
pumps, sorption
types
utilize heat as the main driving enCHEMICAL
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Chemical Engineering June 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering June 2022

Chemical Engineering June 2022 - Intro
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 1
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 2
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 3
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 4
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 5
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Chemical Engineering June 2022 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering June 2022 - Cover4
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