Chemical Engineering June 2022 - 4

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Drought emphasizes water scarcity
Photo Credit: Lozowski
megadrought in the
U.S. Southwest has
triggered
emergency
measures to be taken,
A
as both water and hydroelectric
power supplies to millions
of people are threatened. The
water levels in the two largest
human-made reservoirs in
the U.S., Lake Mead and Lake
Powell, have been receding for
years and have now reached
historic lows.
The Colorado River Basin
When I visited Lake Powell and Glen Canyon Dam in 2014, the " bathtub
rings " around the reservoir allowed for spectacular views of the
rock formations (photo). However, the rings were a foreboding sign
of the receding water levels, and at that time, there was already concern
about the future of the water supply. Lake Powell's water level,
which when full is at an elevation of about 3,700 ft, is now at around
3,522 ft - less than 25% of capacity. An elevation of at least 3,490
ft is needed for Glen Canyon Dam to operate and supply power to
its over 5 million customers [1]. Just last month, for the first time, the
federal government announced a delay in the release of water from
the Lake Powell reservoir to downstream Lake Mead in order to keep
Glen Canyon Dam in operation.
And in Lake Mead, which supplies water to millions of people, the
extremely low water level has exposed a water intake valve that has
been in operation since 1971 and can no longer be used now. These
severe drought conditions have driven officials to enact numerous conservation
measures, including limiting water supplies to the Colorado
River Basin and outlawing " nonfunctional " grass in areas of Nevada.
Engineering for water security
Water scarcity is a global concern and warnings about severe water
shortages are alarming [2]. The current water crisis in the Southwest
emphasizes the need to keep water conservation a top priority. There
are numerous ways in which chemical engineers can contribute to
sustainable water practices, such as increasing water efficiency in
agricultural and industrial operations, and further developing water
re-use and desalination technologies. Further suggestions are outlined
in the report " New Directions for Chemical Engineering " by the
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (Washington,
D.C.; www.nationalacademies.org).
The chemical process industries are making headway with their goals
toward sustainable water practices. A recent example is Evonik's first
zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) catalyst plant in India (chemengonline.com/
evonik-opens-first-zero-liquid-discharge-catalyst-plant-in-india/).
New advances in membrane technologies are addressing challenging
conditions to meet ZLD goals, and fouling-resistant membranes
are being used in industrial water re-use applications. More
on these advances are outlined in our Newsfront, " New Membranes
Support Sustainability Trends, " on pp. 12-17.
■
Dorothy Lozowski, Editorial Director
1. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Reclamation's drought response actions will boost Lake
Powell, www.usbr.gov, May 3, 2022.
2. United Nations website, www.unwater.org/water-facts/scarcity/
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM
JUNE 2022
" Bathtub rings " around the reservoir show where
water levels have receded. This photo of Lake
Powell and the Glen Canyon Dam was taken in
2014, at which time there was already concern
about the water levels

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Chemical Engineering June 2022

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