Chemical Engineering March 2015 - 11

Carbon fibers enhance swine wastewater treatment
T
akahiro Yamashita and colleagues
at the Institute of
Livestock and Grassland
Science, National Agriculture
and Food Research Organization
(NARO, Tsukuba, Japan; www.
naro.affrc.go.jp) have developed an
aerobic bioreactor that can reduce
nitrous oxide emissions by nearly
90% in the treatment of swine
wastewater. The reactor uses an
array of horizontal carbon fibers
(CF) within the reactor column to
support microorganisms.
A CF reactor with an effective volume
of 10 L was tested against a conventional
activated-sludge (AS) reactor
(diagram), and was shown to achieve
a 90% reduction in the released N2O
- a greenhouse gas with a global
warming potential that is 300-times
higher than that of carbon dioxide.
The CF reactor also showed a " drastic "
reduction in dissolved nitrogen.
The researchers evaluated the
water quality of influent and effluent
during 73 to 176 days operation
after 72 days acclimation
period. The removal efficiencies
of the CF reactor
were 96% for biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD),
94% for suspended solids
(SS), 93% for total organic
carbon (TOC) and 90% for
total nitrogen (TN). In the
CF reactor, 156 mg/L of the
dissolved inorganic nitrogen
(DIN) was removed as
NH4-N, which left 14 mg/L
DIN as NO3-N; the DIN as
NO2-N was almost undetectable.
In comparison,
the removal efficiencies of
the AS reactor were 94%
for BOD, 76% for SS, 82%
for TOC, and 26% for TN.
In the AS reactor, 144 mg/L of the
DIN was removed as NH4-N, leaving
behind 183 mg/L DIN as NO3-N; the
DIN as NO2-N was also undetectable.
N2O and CH4 emissions from
the CF reactor were 42 g-CO2 eq/
m3/d, while those from the AS reacMesh
cylinder to
support carrier
Top view
5 cm
Carbon fibers fixed at
a 90-deg angle
Side view
Distance: 5 cm
11 units
5 cm
Plastic mesh cylinder
Swine
wastewater
Pump
Blower
(A) Aerobic bioreactor packed with carbon fibers (CF reactor)
(B) Aerobic bioreactor mixed with activated sludge (AS reactor)
tor were 725 g-CO2 eq/m3/d.
NARO has now started to conduct
tests with a demonstration-scale reactor
with an effective working volume
of 700 L, and the researchers
are optimizing the reaction conditions
for further scaleup.
55 cm
B
Effluent
Air
Pump
Influent
Blower
A
Effluent
Circle 16 on p. 82 or go to adlinks.che.com/56195-16
ChemiCal engineering www.Chemengonline.Com marCh 2015
11

http://naro.affrc.go.jp http://adlinks.che.com/56195-16 http://www.Chemengonline.Com

Chemical Engineering March 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering March 2015

Contents
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - Contents
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - 2
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - 3
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - 4
Chemical Engineering March 2015 - 5
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Chemical Engineering March 2015 - 7
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Chemical Engineering March 2015 - Cover3
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