Chemical Engineering November 2013 - 19

Drying
Acid removal
and recovery
* Sourcing of
material
suitable for
use
Sourcing
* Stickering
drying to low
moisture
content
* Reactant
impregnation,
thermal initiation
and reaction
Acetylation
Figure 5. Shown here are the typical operations for acetylated wood production
The reaction can be conducted
without a catalyst following impregnation
of the wood with acetic anhydride
and raising the temperature to
initiate the reaction. The removal of
some fraction of water prior to reaction
improves the degree of acetylation
as water is more reactive and
competes for Ac2O.
Eastman's application of acetylation
technology to solid wood began
in the mid 1980s with bench exploration.
Higher-level exploration began
in 2003 targeting a commercial scale
process. In 2004, Eastman started a
pilot-scale reactor capable of acetylating
3-5 pieces of lumber. Following
several years of pilot operation and
development, first material for demonstration
projects were produced in
2011. Mechanical completion of a production
facility and supporting unit
operations occurred in late 2011, with
product launch in 2012.
The process involves several unit
operations (Figure 5), each of which
had to be developed to handle wood.
Because of wood's inherently inhomogeneous
and anisotropic nature, the
acetylation process had to be developed
with a " robust processing window "
to accommodate the variants
in wood density, which causes large
variations in the level of impregnation
into the wood and the amount of
woody mass to acetylate.
After acetylation, the wood contains
about an equal weight of wood
* Removal and
recovery of
byproduct
acetic acid
* Milling
operations to
re-dimension
acetylated boards
Remanufacturing
Eastman Chemical
mass and acetic acid. The acid has
to be quickly and thoroughly removed
both to recover the acid for
future use and to reduce the odor in
the final product. Reducing the cycle
time for acid removal was key to the
development of an economically viable,
overall process for acetylation.
A microwave dryer was developed to
expedite the removal of acid. Wood is
fairly transparent to microwave energy,
which offers a rapid means to
introduce thermal energy throughout
a relatively poor thermal conductor.
Means of dispersing, monitoring and
controlling the energy were developed
to drive the removal of acid without
damaging the wood.
■
Gerald Ondrey
Coating
(optional)
* Application
of factory
finished
coating
Circle 9 on p. 172 or go to adlinks.che.com/45778-09
ChemiCal engineering www.Che.Com november 2013 19

http://adlinks.che.com/45778-09 http://www.Che.Com

Chemical Engineering November 2013

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering November 2013

Contents
Chemical Engineering November 2013 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering November 2013 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering November 2013 - Contents
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Chemical Engineering November 2013 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering November 2013 - Cover4
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