Chemical Engineering October 2013 - 4

Winner of Eight Jesse H. Neal
Awards for Editorial Excellence
Editor's Page
Keeping the water fl owing
C
urrently, there are around 13,000 desalination plants in operation or
under construction in 150 countries, according to the Institution of
Chemical Engineers (IChemE; Rugby, U.K.; www.icheme.org). A number
of these plants are in, or are planned for, locations that might surprise
some of us. In the U.S., the Carlsbad Desalination Project (California; www.
carlsbaddesal.com), described as the largest seawater desalination plant
in North America, is expected to provide 50 million gal/d of desalinated
seawater to San Diego County. The plant is scheduled to start up in 2016.
IChemE predicts that by 2050, desalination plants could become common
on U.K. coastlines, and by that time, the number of desalination plants
across the world is expected to more than double as population growth
and other factors place an ever increasing demand on water supply.
By now, it is no surprise to anyone reading these pages that there is a
growing focus on sustaining our global water supply. Researchers and engineers
are working on ways to improve water and wastewater treatment
processes, including desalination technologies to increase the freshwater
supply. Some of the latest advances can be found in Chemical Engineering's
Chementator section. In April, for example, we reported on work
being done at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL, Livermore,
Calif.; www.llnl.gov) on capacitive desalination (A new way to desalt
water without using RO or distillation, Chem. Eng., p. 11, April 2013).
And researchers from the University of Texas at Austin (www.utexas.edu)
and the University of Marburg (Germany; www.uni-marburg.de) are developing
a process, called electrochemically mediated seawater desalination,
that promises to be an inexpensive way to desalinate small volumes
of seawater (Desalination, Chem. Eng., p. 13, August 2013). In a recent
press release, IChemE quotes Martin Currie, a member of IChemE's
Water Special Interest Group and independent water quality and treatment
consultant with Aqueum, as saying, " Globally, water scarcity is such
a critical issue, that sustainable desalination is one of the most important
areas in which chemical engineers are safeguarding our futures. "
Meanwhile, market experts are predicting big opportunities for suppliers
to water treatment applications. By aggregating forecasts from several
of its water-related reports, the McIlvaine Company (Northfield, Ill.; www.
mcilvainecompany.com) concludes that about $2.7 billion will be spent on
the membrane portion of desalination investments this year and the rest
of the $8 billion expected to be spent on membrane systems will be on related
equipment, such as valves, pumps, piping and other filtration equipment.
And, according to the ARC Advisory Group (Dedham, Mass.; www.
arcweb.com) the water and wastewater industry presents one of the largest
opportunities for automation businesses over the next 20 years.
The focus on water and wastewater extends to all applications including
both municipal and industrial needs. In fact, these two applications are
not mutually exclusive. As the chemical process industries (CPI) strive to
limit their water use, and look for more efficient ways to treat and reuse
wastewaters, they are also looking at treated municipal
water as a water source. Several archived articles
in Chemical Engineering go into these aspects in more
detail. See, for example, Water Reuse and Conservation
in the CPI, pp. 44-50, September 2008 (www.che.com/
technical_and_practical/4171.html).
And, for more insight into how difficult-to-treat CPI
wastewaters are evaluated and treated, see our cover
story in this month's issue.
4 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING WWW.CHE.COM OCTOBER 2013
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Chemical Engineering October 2013

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