Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 19

Linde
developed two renewable ionic liquids
( " bionic liquids " ); one derived
from hemicellulose, and one derived
from lignin. Lignin, typically viewed
as a waste stream, is an especially
attractive raw material for the production
of bionic liquids.
To synthesize ILs from lignin, first,
FIGURE 2. Linde is employing its ionic compressors at hydrogen fueling stations in several locations, including
this Geiselwind, Germany site, opened in May 2015
the plant cell-wall structure. JBEI has
found that imidazolium-based ILs are
particularly suitable for disrupting the
plant wall and interacting with the
various biomass components, making
them an effective choice for treating
a large variety of biomass feedstocks.
" you can equate this to how
other solvents can selectively solubilize
a wide range of polymers, " says
Simmons, " after all, lignin, cellulose
and hemicellulose are simply polymers
that are produced by nature. "
In investigating numerous varieties
of ILs for pretreatment purposes,
JBEI also began to look into some
novel ways to synthesize ionic liquids,
specifically from bio-based materials,
especially since the costs to
procure and recycle ILs are among
the major challenges the group faces
for industrial scaleup. The group has
the lignin must be depolymerized into
monomers. The monomers are then
functionalized via standard chemical
routes to generate aldehydes and
alcohols, representing the cation
portion of the resultant IL. The anion
portion comes from phosphoric acid
used in the process. These renewable
ILs, says Simmons, are " comparable
to the top-performing conventional
ILs. " Since lignin and residual
amounts of hemicellulose are both
byproducts of biomass pretreatment,
a potentially closed-loop pretreatment
process is possible. The bionic
liquids not used for pretreatment can
be sold to other markets, providing
another source of revenue. The development
of a renewable, efficient
biomass-pretreatment process will
Circle 18 on p. 102 or go to adlinks.chemengonline.com/56202-18
ChemiCal engineering www.Chemengonline.Com oCtober 2015
19

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Chemical Engineering October 2015

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering October 2015

Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 2
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 3
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 4
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 5
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 6
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 7
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 8
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 9
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 10
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 11
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 12
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 13
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 14
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 15
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 16
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 17
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 18
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 19
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 20
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 21
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 22
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 23
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 24
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 25
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 26
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 27
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 28
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 29
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 30
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 31
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 32
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 33
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 34
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 35
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 36
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 37
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 38
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 39
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 40
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 41
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 42
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 43
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 44
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 45
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 46
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 47
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 48
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Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 103
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - 104
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering October 2015 - Cover4
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