Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 44

manufacturer's design report. It includes production, processing, fabrication, inspection
and testing methods required for the vessel. " Section X includes three Classes of
vessel design:
❍ Class I: Class I and Class III - qualification through the destructive test of a
prototype
❍ Class II - mandatory design rules and acceptance testing by nondestructive
methods
These vessels are not permitted to store, handle or process lethal fluids. Vessel fabrication
is limited to the following processes: bag-molding, centrifugal casting and filament-winding
and contact molding. Rules pertaining to the use of the single ASME certification mark with
the RP designator are also included.
BPV Service Codes
This set of codes augment and support the primary set of codes mentioned above, and are
thereby referred to simply as Service Codes.
* Section II - Materials: Together the " ...four parts of Section II [as listed below] comprise
a " service Code " to other BPVC Sections, providing material specifications adequate
for safety in the field of pressure equipment. These specifications contain requirements
for chemical and mechanical properties, heat treatment, manufacture, heat and
product analyses, and methods of testing. Part A and Part B specifications are designated
by SA or SB numbers, respectively, and are identical with or similar to those
of specifications published by ASTM and other recognized national or international
organizations. Part C specifications are designated by SFA numbers and are derived
from AWS specifications. "
❍ Part A - Ferrous materials
❍ Part B - Nonferrous material
❍ Part C - Welding rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metal
❍ Part D - Material Properties in both Customary and Metric Units
* Section V - Nondestructive Examination: " ...requirements and methods for nondestructive
examination which are referenced and required by other BPVC Sections. It also
includes manufacturer's examination responsibilities, duties of authorized inspectors
and requirements for qualification of personnel, inspection and examination. Examination
methods are intended to detect surface and internal discontinuities in materials,
welds, and fabricated parts and components. A glossary of related terms is included. "
* Section IX - Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications: " ...rules relating to the qualification
of welding, brazing, and fusing procedures as required by other BPVC Sections.
It also covers rules relating to the qualification and requalification of welders, brazers,
and welding and brazing operators in order that they may perform welding or brazing in
component manufacture. Welding, brazing and fusing data cover essential and nonessential
variables specific to the welding, brazing or fusing process used. "
Piping Codes
Piping codes fall under the ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping Standards Committee.
Some of the various piping codes that fall under the responsibility of the B31 Committee
are the following:
* B31.1 - Power Piping Section Committee: The first paragraph in the scope of B31.1
reads as follows: " Rules for this Code Section have been developed considering the
needs for applications that include piping typically found in electric power generating
stations, in industrial and institutional plants, geothermal heating systems, and central
and district heating and cooling systems. " This code continues in great lengths, with
both text and graphics, to describe its jurisdictional scope and boundaries.
* B31.3 - Process Piping Section Committee: The first paragraph in the scope of B31.3
reads as follows: " Rules for the Process Piping Code Section B31.31 have been developed
considering piping typically found in petroleum refineries; chemical, pharmaceutical,
textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants
and terminals. " It goes on to state that, " This Code prescribes requirements for materials
and components, design, fabrication, assembly, erection, examination, inspection,
and testing of piping. " It applies to all fluids including, but not limited to, " ...raw, intermediate,
and finished chemicals, petroleum products, gas, steam, air, and water, fluidized
solids, refrigerants and cryogenic fluids. "
* B31.4 - Liquid and Slurry Piping Transportation Systems: This code, " ...prescribes requirements
for the design, materials, construction, assembly, inspection, testing, operation,
and maintenance of liquid pipeline systems between production fields or facilities,
tank farms, above- or below-ground storage facilities, natural gas processing plants,
refineries, pump stations, ammonia plants, terminals (marine, rail, and truck), and other
delivery and receiving points, as well as pipelines transporting liquids within pump stations,
tank farms, and terminals associated with liquid pipeline systems. This Code also
Continued on page 46
44
requirements deemed necessary
for safe design and construction of
pressure piping. "
ASME code today
Presently, there are four U.S. states
and all of the provinces and territories
of Canada that have adopted
and require the application and use
of the ASME B31.3 Process Piping
code in the design and construction
of a CPF. This is the only piping code
with a scope and content broad
enough to encompass the wide variety
of fluids and operating conditions
found in CPI facilities.
When designing a CPI facility in a
state other than California, Kentucky,
Michigan and Oregon, the four states
that have adopted B31.3, or outside
of Canada, it is suggested by this
author that the B31.3 code be written
into the design specifications for
such a facility. Even for a facility that
either has been or is currently in operation,
it is essential that requirements
as comprehensive as the B31.3 piping
code be an integral part of not
only the design of a new facility, but
an ongoing part of a facility's maintenance
program.
With the myriad of codes and
standards, not to mention government
regulations, that apply to the
design and construction of a CPF,
how is it determined which of these
documents apply to the design and
operation of a specific facility? To
begin, we need to identify the various
aspects of design, engineering
and construction for which codes
and standards will be needed. That
would include the following:
* Boiler design and fabrication
* Pressure vessel design & fabrication
* Piping design, fabrication and
installation
* Piping component design and
pressure ratings
Each of these four categories of
need are addressed in the box starting
on p. 43. Quotes taken from the respective
code or standard developer
used in describing these documents
is presented in italics. Some points of
clarification are presented below.
External piping
The Boiler Code, Sections I and VII,
as applicable, will apply to the deCHEMICAL
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