Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 55

imperative requirements. In order to
comply with the regulation those actions,
as well as the action under Example
1, have to be executed. And
again, referring to the vague essential
requirements following the above
" shalls " , the specific values for " routinely
calibrated, " " inspected, " and
so on, are left to an industry standard
to better define the specifics.
Codes and construction standards,
such as ASME BPE, are written
in much the same manner, but
with greater specificity when stating
a requirement or recommendation.
Following are examples taken from
ASME B31.3:
Example 3, from paragraph 341.3.1
General, in which it states the following:
" Prior to initial operation each
piping installation, including components
and workmanship, shall be
examined in accordance with the applicable
requirements of para. 341. "
Again, as mentioned in Example 1,
when an action is preceded by the
term " shall, " as in the above sentence,
the action that follows is an
imperative requirement. But unlike
the government regulations, the required
action is spelled out in explicit
detail under the
referenced paragraph
341.
Example 4, paragraph 328.4.2 End
Preparation, (b) Circumferential
Welds, in which it states the following:
" (6) Buttweld fittings manufactured
in accordance with ASME
B16.9 may be trimmed to produce
an angular joint offset in their connections
to pipe or to other buttweld
fittings without being subject to design
qualifications in accordance
with para. 304.7.2, provided the total
angular offset produced between the
two jointed parts does not exceed
3 deg. " Here again, as mentioned
above, when an action is preceded
by the term " may, " as in the above
paragraph, the action that follows is
a recommendation or suggestion.
And again, even with recommendations,
there is greater detail as to the
intent of the statement.
As shown, not all statements of action
in a code or construction standard
are compliance requirements.
This is an intentional effort, on the part
of the American national standards
developers, to avoid being overly preCHEMICAL
ENGINEERING WWW.CHEMENGONLINE.COM
OCTOBER 2016
55
scriptive in their writings. Where an
action may be considered beneficial
rather than essential, from a safety
and integrity standpoint, the code will
recommend the action rather than require
it. It's the little things.

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Chemical Engineering October 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering October 2016

Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 2
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 3
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 4
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 5
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 6
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 7
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 8
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 9
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 10
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 11
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 14
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 15
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 18
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 20
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 21
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 22
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 24
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 26
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 27
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 28
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 29
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 30
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 31
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 33
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 35
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 40
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 41
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 46
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover4
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