Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 61

the interior of the loading arm or
its components?
* What is the design of the support
structure, and is it capable of
handling heavier, longer loading
arms?
* Are there any specialized material-handling
requirements that
must be accounted for? For
example, will the system be handling
a chemical that can explode
in the presence of air, which
would necessitate an entirely
leak-free operation?
FIGURE 2. Numerous variables and components
must be carefully considered when designing a
loading system to ensure that leaks are kept to
a minimum
especially at facilities where high
volumes of finished products and
feedstocks must be transferred
on a daily basis
* Will any specialized welding be
needed for the job? More specifically,
is it a hygienic or sanitary
application that requires a special
weld procedure to ensure that
there is no buildup of bacteria on
* Is the loading system ergonomically
designed so that it is not
only safe for the application, but
also minimizes the physical demands
on the operator?
While all of these questions are
crucial to designing the proper loading
system, many operators, oftentimes
by necessity, are known as
" first cost " equipment buyers, meaning
that they look for equipment with
a low initial cost, regardless of brand
or quality. However, while the initial
cost may be low, these operators
can expect higher costs on the back
end in the form of increased maintenance
and downtime, service and
replacement charges, not to mention
the incalculable cost incurred if
a high-profile incident occurs, such
as an equipment failure that results
in the leak of a hazardous chemical.
Another item to consider is the potential
damage to the environment
and the facility's reputation that can
occur when failing equipment results
in a product leak that can lead to
personal injury or contamination to
the air, soil or groundwater.
Facility operators who are quick
to embrace low initial cost for their
loading-system
purchases would
be wise to first conduct a lifecycle
cost analysis (LCA) for their site.
This would include not only the " first
cost " of the equipment, but cost
estimates for any subsequent maintenance,
service and replacement
instances that can result in excessive
loading-system downtime or an
environmental incident. Those that
do complete an LCA will find more
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Chemical Engineering October 2016

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering October 2016

Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 2
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 3
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 4
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 5
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 6
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 7
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 8
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 9
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 10
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 11
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 13
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 20
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 22
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 24
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 26
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 27
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 28
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 29
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 30
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 31
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 32
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 33
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 35
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 36
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 37
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 38
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 39
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 40
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 41
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 42
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 43
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 44
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 45
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 46
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 47
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 48
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 49
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - 50
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Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering October 2016 - Cover4
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