Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 41

FIGURE 3. When the flowrate drops below 10% of the output range for a transmitter, as highlighted in the graph, DP flow measurement
is no longer accurate
TABLE 1. TEST POINTS FOR
CALIBRATION
in. H2O
1.450
36.250
72.500
108.750
145.000
mA
5.6000 (1.45 in. H2O is the
low-flow cut-off)
12.0000
15.3137
17.8564
20.0000
surement is not accurate below this
level (Figure 3). Stated another way,
the output rises much more rapidly
in the initial 0 to 1% of the input,
and the signal is very unstable. This
in. H2O
1.450
9.063
36.250
81.563
145.000
TABLE 2. CALIBRATION TEST POINTS
(ALTERNATE METHOD)
mA
5.6000 (1.45 in. H2O is the
low-flow cut-off)
8.0000
12.0000
16.0000
20.0000
situation is the " enemy " of the technician
- no quality calibration can
be performed in this case.
Another item to note is when
using DP flowmeter technology, the
normal flowrate is
usually much higher
than 10%, or there
is simply no flow at
all (the valve is shut
off). DP transmitter
manufacturers have
had to deal with this
low-flow issue and
all vendors do some
kind of signal conditioning
between 4.0
to 5.6 mA. If technicians
check with
their control engineers,
they will likely
learn that a " lowflow
cut-off " value
is programmed into
the system. This
means that when
the transmitter detects
somewhere below 10% of the
flowrate, the flow is forced to zero.
Based on these facts, when calibrating
a DP transmitter, there is
no reason to test below 1% of the
input range (or 5.6 mA of the output
range). In fact, when connected
to this type of transmitter, it is very
noticeable how the stability " improves "
once the pressure is above
1% of the input range.
Calibration test points
Most DP flow applications utilize a
low-pressure range input (typically
using in. H2O or mbar as the pressure
unit) that is calculated based
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OCTOBER 2021

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Chemical Engineering October 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Chemical Engineering October 2021

Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - Cover1
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - Cover2
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - Contents
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 2
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 3
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 4
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 5
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 6
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 7
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 8
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 9
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Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 11
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Chemical Engineering October 2021 - 15
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Chemical Engineering October 2021 - Cover3
Chemical Engineering October 2021 - Cover4
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