Power August 2023 - 9

GLOBAL MONITOR
2. Location of thermal power plants in Cuba. Courtesy: Ministry of Energy and Mines
tional crude oil that contributes to its
energy independence.
■ The Otto Parellada TPP, located in the
capital of the country (Havana), has
an installed capacity of 60 MW with
technology from the former Czechoslovakia,
which has the benefit of being
close to the consumption points,
which contributes to the reduction of
electrical losses.
■ The Ernesto Guevara TPP, in the municipality
of Santa Cruz del Norte in
the province of Mayabeque, has three
units-two of 100 MW and one of 95
MW-one of Soviet technology that
can also consume national crude fuel
with the advantage that it has the supply
through pipeline, which reduces
fuel transportation costs.
■ Antonio Guiteras TPP, in the province
of Matanzas, has the largest generating
unit in the country with a capacity
of 317 MW of French technology.
This block consumes national crude
oil that is received by pipeline, and
is the most efficient thermal plant in
the country.
■ The Carlos Manuel de Céspedes TPP,
in the province of Cienfuegos, with
two Japanese units of 158 MW each,
are the most reliable and can receive
fuel by pipeline from the Cienfuegos
refinery. They are prepared for burning
national crude oil, although the plant
regularly consumes fuel oil.
■ The Diez de Octubre TPP, in the municipality
of Nuevitas in the province
of Camagüey, with three units of
125 MW of power each and technology
manufactured in the former
Czechoslovakia.
■ The Lidio Ramón Pérez TPP, in Felton
in the province of Holguín, with two
units-one of 250 MW and another
of 230 MW of power-each one
with technology from the
former
Czechoslovakia.
■ Antonio Maceo TPP, on the Renté peninsula
in Santiago de Cuba, has four
units of 95 MW of capacity, each with
August 2023 | POWER
technology from the former Soviet
Union. These blocks also consume
national crude oil.
The useful life of these facilities
(Figure 3) depends to a large extent
on compliance with maintenance cycles
and technical rigor during their
execution. " This work is done considering
the criteria of the manufacturers,
international practices, and the
experiences of our engineers. From
the use of Cuban crude oil, with sulfur
content between 7% and 8%, the
maintenance cycles must be shortened,
therefore, although the design
allowed more time between each of
the stops, now they are more frequent
due to the aggressiveness of sulfuric
acid and the high corrosion inside the
boilers. A normal percentage of sulfur
in crude oil is at levels of 1.5% or 1.2%,
and when it has 3% it is already considered
a highly sulfurous percentage,
with special treatments that require
additives and an initial preparation that
includes raising the temperature and
treatment of the gases. It is very aggressive,
especially for the boilers, "
Guzmán explained.
Normally, the maintenance that must
be carried out is 20%, which is in the
order of 50 to 70 days annually in several
planned stops for each block. These
maintenances of different types are
scheduled between two to three of the
light type, of 10 days each, and one of
the partial or partial extended type, of 20
to 30 days. Meanwhile, capital maintenance
is scheduled every five years. As
previously alluded to, of the 20 generating
blocks or units, only 16 are available,
which is due to the following events:
■ A fire that occurred on March 7, 2022,
in Unit 7 of the Mariel thermoelectric
plant caused the loss of that block and
Unit 6. This last block, new, had been
synchronized in September 2021 and
was in a testing process. In total, 170
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Power August 2023

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