POWER March 2017 - 23
WATER & WASTEWATER
stage. However, in larger flow systems, an
upstream membrane system offers economic
advantages.
Nevertheless, both conventional membrane
and evaporation systems require
expensive chemical softening to ensure reliability.
There are cases of past FGD systems
that did not employ soda ash, only to later
require retrofitting at much expense and disruption.
Designers should therefore plan for
calcium and other scalant management at the
start of their project, either through inclusion
of a soda ash softening step or consideration
of the technology presented herein.
Designers should also plan for final disposal
of the residual waste produced from the
treatment process, because the waste can be
considered hazardous in some jurisdictions.
Hazardous waste results in high disposal
costs as conventional landfills cannot be
used. Disposal cost and risk can be reduced
by adding fewer treatment chemicals overall,
as well as recovering by-products of value
from the residual waste for reuse, such as sodium
sulfate.
Plant designers can most effectively lower
treatment costs by focusing on the biggest
cost levers. Some worthy objectives include:
1. Solubility of salts in water. This graph shows the solubility of calcium sulfate
(CaSO4), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Less soluble compounds have
a greater risk of scaling. Courtesy: Saltworks Technologies
Temperature (C)
■ Reducing soda ash softening while maintaining
reliability in process equipment
■ Increasing membrane system recovery to
reduce the capacity of downstream brine
management systems
■ Reducing the overall mass of residual
waste and the mass of hazardous waste
An Innovative High-Recovery FGD
Wastewater Treatment System
A solution that accomplishes the above three
goals was developed by Saltworks Technologies.
It builds on the past work of Toshikatsu
Hamano and Thomas Davis. In 1993, Hamano
developed a desalination process with
two electrodialysis stages that permanently
Together,
We Can.
One size does not always fit all -
your challenges are unique and
your solution should be too.
U.S. Water works as a member of your team to
understand your unique operating challenges
and dynamics. By combining our innovative
equipment and sustainable chemical programs,
we are able to offer integrated water treatment
solutions designed to prevent unscheduled
downtime, improve system reliability
and support your environmental goals.
(866) 663-7633
www.uswaterservices.com
March 2017 | POWER
www.powermag.com
23
Grams per 100g of water
http://www.uswaterservices.com
http://www.powermag.com
POWER March 2017
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER March 2017
Contents
POWER March 2017 - Cover1
POWER March 2017 - Cover2
POWER March 2017 - Contents
POWER March 2017 - 2
POWER March 2017 - 3
POWER March 2017 - 4
POWER March 2017 - 5
POWER March 2017 - 6
POWER March 2017 - 7
POWER March 2017 - 8
POWER March 2017 - 9
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POWER March 2017 - 11
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POWER March 2017 - Cover3
POWER March 2017 - Cover4
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