POWER October 2012 - 55

COAL COMBUSTION
the flowability of the ash. Chemical analysis
of ash samples, and significant improvement
in the run time between outages, showed that
Aurora was very effective at eliminating ash
agglomeration. The optimum dosage of the
product was determined by a 30-day test trial.
JEA settled on a feed rate of 40 tons/day
per unit, a rate equaling approximately 1.8%
of the fuel (by weight).
The ash fusion or " stickiness " problem
was based on soluble alkali elements in the
fuel, mostly sodium and potassium. The
boiling point of sodium is 1,621F, and for
potassium it is 1,398F, so these elements
volatilize at boiler operational temperatures.
Each forms a vapor phase, which
5. Intrex superheater before using
Aurora. Courtesy: JEA
In sum, the poor performance of the
NGS units was due to burning fuel and
limestone that did not meet the original
fuel specification, which caused poor
combustion chemistry, ash quality, and
insufficient ash fluidization.
consists of the soluble compounds of these
elements, including hydroxides, chlorides,
and sulfates. These compounds condense
on cooler surfaces (such as tubes) and
form the sticky deposits leading to slag
6. Intrex superheater after using
Aurora. Courtesy: JEA
formations found in the cooler areas of the
boiler, such as heat transfer surfaces.
The agglomeration process begins at
even lower temperatures. At about onehalf
the alkali melting temperature, the ash
7. Furnace grid before using Aurora.
Courtesy: JEA
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POWER October 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER October 2012

Contents
POWER October 2012 - Cover1
POWER October 2012 - Cover2
POWER October 2012 - Contents
POWER October 2012 - 2
POWER October 2012 - 3
POWER October 2012 - 4
POWER October 2012 - 5
POWER October 2012 - 6
POWER October 2012 - 7
POWER October 2012 - 8
POWER October 2012 - 9
POWER October 2012 - 10
POWER October 2012 - 11
POWER October 2012 - 12
POWER October 2012 - 13
POWER October 2012 - 14
POWER October 2012 - 15
POWER October 2012 - 16
POWER October 2012 - 17
POWER October 2012 - 18
POWER October 2012 - 19
POWER October 2012 - 20
POWER October 2012 - 21
POWER October 2012 - 22
POWER October 2012 - 23
POWER October 2012 - 24
POWER October 2012 - 25
POWER October 2012 - 26
POWER October 2012 - 27
POWER October 2012 - 28
POWER October 2012 - 29
POWER October 2012 - 30
POWER October 2012 - 31
POWER October 2012 - 32
POWER October 2012 - 33
POWER October 2012 - 34
POWER October 2012 - 35
POWER October 2012 - 36
POWER October 2012 - 37
POWER October 2012 - 38
POWER October 2012 - 39
POWER October 2012 - 40
POWER October 2012 - 41
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POWER October 2012 - 43
POWER October 2012 - 44
POWER October 2012 - 45
POWER October 2012 - 46
POWER October 2012 - 47
POWER October 2012 - 48
POWER October 2012 - 49
POWER October 2012 - 50
POWER October 2012 - 51
POWER October 2012 - 52
POWER October 2012 - 53
POWER October 2012 - 54
POWER October 2012 - 55
POWER October 2012 - 56
POWER October 2012 - 57
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POWER October 2012 - Cover3
POWER October 2012 - Cover4
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