Journal of College & University Student Housing Volume 50, No. 1 - 22

The Impact of White Supremacy
Cycle 2: Intervention, Data Collection, and Results
Cycle 2 employed an online learning module focused on defensive reactions. The module
explained the neuroscience of defensive reactions, the early warning signs of these
reactions, how defensive reactions have been used throughout history to maintain racism,
and examples of everyday defensive reactions in the workplace. The examples in
the module strategically avoided identity-centered workplace examples so that learners
could see the function of a defensive reaction without the emotional charge associated
with identity. Post-intervention interviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of
the online module.
TABLE 3
Participant Responses to Sorting Activity (N = 11)
Okun's characteristics
of White supremacy cultural norms
Okun's antidotes
The Characteristics
The Antidotes
Individualism
Perfectionism
Sense of urgency
Paternalism
Power hoarding
Objectivity
Right to comfort
Defensiveness
Worship of written word
Progress is bigger and more
Either/or thinking
Quantity over quality
10 1
11 0
10 1
11 0
11 0
10 1
10 1
11 0
9 2
10 1
11 0
9 2
10
11
10
11
1
Collaboration and teamwork
0 Mistakes viewed as opportunities
to learn and grow
1
Sufficient time to think and discuss
Decision making understandable
to all; those impacted are involved in
decision making
11
10
10
11
9
10
11
9
1
1
2
1
2
Sharing power
All perspectives validated
Discomfort important to learning
and growth
Defensiveness named and challenged
Allowance for many forms of expression
Realistic work plans that attend to
all costs, not just the bottom line
Finding room in the middle
Process valued as much as product
Volume 50, No. 1 * 2023 19
Least helpful to learning
Most helpful to learning
Most helpful to learning
Least helpful to learning

Journal of College & University Student Housing Volume 50, No. 1

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