Journal of College & University Student Housing Volume 50, No. 1 - 82

Residential Affinity Efforts and Sense of Belonging
Because residence hall staff and student-leader volunteers work to
build community within residential buildings on campus, understanding
what belonging to community involves may help inform student engagement,
programming, and other benefits of collegiate housing.
residential space as well as the programming and efforts of staff and volunteers are
also important factors.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND RELEVANCE
All of these studies reinforce the need for our study and highlight a gap in specifically
analyzing sense of belonging within a residential community that is not a living-learning
community. Our study applied scales established by Hoffman and colleagues (2002)
and Leach and colleagues (2008) to analyze sense of belonging in this way. Our intent
was to understand residence life staff and student-leader volunteer efforts within the
campus housing model that contribute to students' sense of belonging. These different
elements can inform programming within residential communities and can contribute
to student success and belonging at an institution. The two research questions for the
present study were as follows:
(a) Which residential affinity effort (RAE) contributes to students' perceived sense of
belonging to their residential community?
(b) What is the relationship between RAEs and students' perceived sense of belonging
to their residential community as measured by quantitative scales?
We hypothesized a moderate positive relationship between RAEs and students' perceived
sense of belonging.
METHODS
The research site was a midsized private liberal arts university in the southern United
States with almost 12,000 students, including graduate and undergraduate students.
The university is a predominately White institution composed of 56% undergraduates
located near a major metropolitan city (Southern Methodist University [SMU], 2021).
The research site enforces a 2-year live-on policy and operationalizes a residential college
model (SMU, 2021). The research study and protocol were approved by the research
site's institutional review board.
Design
We operationalized a positivist paradigm (Creswell & Creswell, 2017) to conduct a
descriptive, correlational study involving cross-sectional survey data (Lau, 2017). The
present study, as part of a larger longitudinal study examining students' sense of belonging
to collegiate residential communities, sought to understand which RAEs correlate
with this feeling of connectedness.
Volume 50, No. 1 * 2023 79

Journal of College & University Student Housing Volume 50, No. 1

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