Measuring the Leadership Effectiveness of Resident Assistants four subscales had excellent Cronbach's alpha reliability scores: structural leadership scale (5 items; α = .93), human resource leadership scale (5 items; α = .94), political leadership scale (5 items; α = .94), and symbolic leadership scale (5 items; α = .95). Table 2 displays the final valid and reliable instrument. Additional Multiple Regression Analysis In addition to the 40 conceptual framework-related items and standard demographic questions, one additional Likert-type survey item measured the self-rating of participation in programs and activities in the residence hall (I often participate in programs/ activities sponsored by my residence hall). We conducted a multiple regression with the TABLE 2 Items of Four Scales Following Analysis Frame Cronbach's alpha # of Items Item 1 Structural .93 5 My RA is good at communicating hall policies. Item 2 My RA responds well to crisis situations. 5 My RA interacts with me regularly. Human resource .94 Political .94 Symbolic .95 5 My RA helps me achieve my goals. 5 My RA models what it means to be a well-rounded student. My RA respects me. My RA communicates a vision for this hall community. Item 3 My RA responds to me in a timely manner. Item 4 My RA seems organized. My RA communicates that I matter. My RA has gotten to know me. My RA respects other people. My RA helps me feel like a part of the larger hall community. My RA is present. My RA is enthusiastic about their job. Item 5 My RA is consistent in enforcing rules. My RA expresses care for me. My RA is someone I can confide in. My RA makes me feel like I belong in this residence hall. My RA makes me feel like I belong at this institution. Volume 51, No. 1 * 2024 47