Avionics News February 2023 - 49

FIGURE 1:
The map of Florida on the
left orients north toward the
top, and the map on the right
shows north to the right.
Courtesy of Avotek
Burkina Faso, Ghana, and perhaps, part of Togo.
Another way to describe meridians is to call them lines
of longitude or longitudinal lines.
The contiguous 48 states run from approximately 67
degrees west longitude to approximately 124 degrees west
longitude. Attu island of the Aleutians is at 173 degrees
west longitude, and Hawaii's Niihau island is just west
of the 160-degree meridian. These facts make for a good
conversational riddle: Which state is farthest west?
We also measure the Earth with parallels. These parallel
lines start with zero at the equator and are also measured
in degrees up to 90 at the poles. Thus, you have north
0-90, and south 0-90. These lines mark latitude. The
northernmost border of the contiguous 48 states runs
exactly on the north 49th parallel, or 49 degrees north
latitude. The southernmost border of the contiguous 48
states is near the north 24th parallel, or 24 degrees north
latitude.
Wiley Post-Will Rogers Memorial Airport in
Browerville, Alaska, is about as far north as you can go in
the United States, and it's located just north of 71 degrees
north latitude. In contrast, the farthest south you can go
in the United States is Ka Lae in Hawaii, near 19 degrees
north latitude.
Both meridians and parallels are divided further into
minutes and seconds, with 60 minutes to a degree and
60 seconds to a minute. Often, many navigation systems
take minutes and fractions of minutes. For example,
the southern curve of the Cass River in Frankenmuth,
Michigan, is 43 degrees 19.5 minutes north, or 43 degrees
(19 minutes 30 seconds) north. If you plan to visit, be
advised this point is also 83 degrees 44.4 minutes (44
minutes 24 seconds) west. If you want to know seconds,
simply drop the whole minutes and multiply the fraction
by 60.
Google maps does not show meridians and parallels, but
air charts (we don't call them maps) show meridians and
parallels. The degrees of latitude and longitude are wellmarked
on aviation charts.
One would think knowledge of latitude and longitude
with the use of a compass would make navigation easy.
The problem we run into is the fact the magnetic North
Continued on following page
International date line
ee( degrees longitude
Western
hemisphere
Eastern
hemisphere
Northern
hemisphere
Geographic or true north pole
((( degrees latitude)
Magnetic
north pole
FIGURE 2:
The lines
we use to
navigate
Earth.
Courtesy of Avotek
Meridians
Parallels
Southern
hemisphere
avionics news * february 2023 49
Prime meridian
(( degrees longitude)
Equator
( ( degrees latitude)

Avionics News February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Avionics News February 2023

Avionics News February 2023 - Intro
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover1
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover2
Avionics News February 2023 - 1
Avionics News February 2023 - 2
Avionics News February 2023 - 3
Avionics News February 2023 - 4
Avionics News February 2023 - 5
Avionics News February 2023 - 6
Avionics News February 2023 - 7
Avionics News February 2023 - 8
Avionics News February 2023 - 9
Avionics News February 2023 - 10
Avionics News February 2023 - 11
Avionics News February 2023 - 12
Avionics News February 2023 - 13
Avionics News February 2023 - 14
Avionics News February 2023 - 15
Avionics News February 2023 - 16
Avionics News February 2023 - 17
Avionics News February 2023 - 18
Avionics News February 2023 - 19
Avionics News February 2023 - 20
Avionics News February 2023 - 21
Avionics News February 2023 - 22
Avionics News February 2023 - 23
Avionics News February 2023 - 24
Avionics News February 2023 - 25
Avionics News February 2023 - 26
Avionics News February 2023 - 27
Avionics News February 2023 - 28
Avionics News February 2023 - 29
Avionics News February 2023 - 30
Avionics News February 2023 - 31
Avionics News February 2023 - 32
Avionics News February 2023 - 33
Avionics News February 2023 - 34
Avionics News February 2023 - 35
Avionics News February 2023 - 36
Avionics News February 2023 - 37
Avionics News February 2023 - 38
Avionics News February 2023 - 39
Avionics News February 2023 - 40
Avionics News February 2023 - 41
Avionics News February 2023 - 42
Avionics News February 2023 - 43
Avionics News February 2023 - 44
Avionics News February 2023 - 45
Avionics News February 2023 - 46
Avionics News February 2023 - 47
Avionics News February 2023 - 48
Avionics News February 2023 - 49
Avionics News February 2023 - 50
Avionics News February 2023 - 51
Avionics News February 2023 - 52
Avionics News February 2023 - 53
Avionics News February 2023 - 54
Avionics News February 2023 - 55
Avionics News February 2023 - 56
Avionics News February 2023 - 57
Avionics News February 2023 - 58
Avionics News February 2023 - 59
Avionics News February 2023 - 60
Avionics News February 2023 - 61
Avionics News February 2023 - 62
Avionics News February 2023 - 63
Avionics News February 2023 - 64
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover3
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover4
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