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to a product prototype stage. Future work includes a new more
complex Golden Model and the software automation of the
vulnerability analysis, Trojan insertion, instrument insertion
and the expansion of the machine learning analysis to also recommend countermeasures and recovery techniques.

[5]	 W. Hu, B. Mao, J. Oberg, and R. Kastner, "Detecting hardware
Trojans with gate-level information-flow tracking," Computer, vol.
49 no. 8, pp. 44-52, Aug. 2016.
[6]	 IEEE Standard for Access and Control of Instrumentation Embedded
within a Semiconductor Device, IEEE Std 1687-2014, Dec. 2014.
[7]	 IEEE Standard for Test Access Port and Boundary-Scan Architecture,

Acknowledgment

IEEE Std 1149.1-2013, May 2013.

The authors would like to thank their colleagues: Amida:
Sergio Orellana, Matt Ritonia, Jackie Medina, and Peter Levin,
for their contributions to development of the TE3© concept and
methods; and ASSET InterTech: John Akin and Dean Geerdes,
for their work on the FPGA-implemented Golden Models/ Circuits, IJTAG networks and embedded instrumentation logic.

References
[1]	 A. Crouch and A. Ley, "A role for embedded instrumentation
in real-time hardware assurance and online monitoring against
cybersecurity threats," in Proc. 2019 IEEE AUTOTESTCON, 2019.

[8]	 X. Zhang and M. Tehranipoor, "Case study: detecting hardware
Trojans in third-party digital IP cores," in Proc. 2011 IEEE Int.
Symp. Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust, Jun. 2011.

Alfred L. Crouch (alfred@amida.com) is Director of Hardware
Engineering at Amida Technology Solutions in Austin, Texas.
He is a widely published author in the field of DFT, test automation, test and test/debug security. Al participates in IEEE
standards projects in these fields, including, IEEE 1838, 1687
and P1687.1. He holds degrees in electrical engineering from
University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.

[2]	 R. Karri, J. Rajendran, K. Rosenfeld and M. Tehranipoor,
"Trustworthy hardware: identifying and classifying hardware
Trojans," Computer, vol. 43 no. 10, pp. 39-46, Oct. 2010.
[3]	 A. Crouch, E. Hunter, and P. Levin, "Enabling hardware Trojan
detection and prevention through emulation," in Proc. 2018 IEEE
Int. Symp. Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), 2018.
[4]	 V. Jyothi, P. Krishnamurthy, F. Khorrami, and R. Karri, "TAINT:
tool for automated insertion of Trojans," IEEE Int. Conf. Computer
Design (ICCD), 2017.

32	

Adam W. Ley (aley@asset-intertech.com) is VP, Chief Technologist at ASSET InterTech, Inc. in Richardson, Texas, a
leading supplier of solutions for non-intrusive test, validation and debug. Adam participates in IEEE 1149.1 and
related standards for test. Previously, Adam was at Texas
Instruments in Sherman, Texas. Adam earned the BSEE degree from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma,
in 1986.

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine	

August 2020
Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 23-5

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