The_Catalyst_Review_January_2024 - 15

Process News
Cyclization of 5-Iodo-4-Pentenenitriles Gives Cyclopentenones
Nitriles can be used as reaction partners in palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, according to new research led by China's
Changzhou University. The insertion of a nitrile into a C-Pd(II) bond can generate an imido-Pd(II) intermediate and release an
imine upon protonation. The researchers have developed a ligand-free Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization of (Z)-5-iodo-4-pentenenitriles,
using HCO2
H as a reductant. After imine hydrolysis, this reaction gives cyclopentenone derivatives. The team converted (Z)-5iodo-4-pentenenitriles
with a wide range of different substituents using Pd(OAc)2
as the catalyst, HCO2
for the protonation of the imido-Pd(II) intermediate. Source: Chemistry Views, 12/29/2023.
High-pressure and High-temperature Synthesis of Crystalline Sb3
H as the reductant, N,Ndiisopropylethylamine
(DIPEA) as a base, and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) as the solvent. The reactions were performed at 60 °C.
After the reaction was completed, aqueous HCl was added. The desired cyclopentenone derivatives were obtained in moderate
to good yields. According to the researchers, HCO2
N5
Matteo Ceppatelli, LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Firenze, Italy, and ICCOM-CNR, Institute of Chemistry
of Organometallic Compounds, National Research Council of Italy, Firenze, and colleagues have synthesized crystalline Sb3
N5
1600-2200 K. These conditions correspond to the fluid phases of Sb and N2
at 32-35 GPa and laser heating at this pressure to temperatures of
. The reaction was observed using single-crystal
via
a high-pressure and high-temperature chemical reaction of antimony and nitrogen in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. A reaction
was observed when compressing Sb in the presence of N2
synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). The diffraction patterns acquired after the reaction at the center of the laser-heated area
show the complete consumption of crystalline Sb and the formation of a new crystalline product. Using XRD, the team solved the
structure of the product. They found that Sb3
N5 persisted at the pressure of synthesis without
N5 could be stable or metastable at about 35 GPa and room temperature. Source: Angewandte
H acts not only as a reductant but also as a proton source, which is important
N5 has a structure belonging to the orthorhombic space group Cmc21. It contains two
types of Sb atoms in distorted octahedral and trigonal prismatic/square antiprismatic coordination, respectively. They form bilayers
of octahedra and monolayers of square antiprisms, respectively. Only chemical bonds between Sb and N are present, indicating
the complete cleavage of the N≡N triple bond. The crystal structure of Sb3
decomposition, indicating Sb3
Chemie, 12/29/2023.
Industry Perspective continued from page 3
Applications
Pseudoboehmite alumina finds applications in various
catalytic processes across industries:
1. Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation. In
the petrochemical industry, pseudoboehmite
alumina supports noble metal catalysts used in
hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions,
such as the production
of gasoline and other valuable hydrocarbons.
2. Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis. This alumina precursor
is used as a catalyst support in FischerTropsch
synthesis, a process that converts syngas
(a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) into
hydrocarbons, particularly in the production of
synthetic fuels.
3. Catalytic Reforming. Pseudoboehmite aluminasupported
catalysts play a key role in catalytic
reforming, a process used in refining to convert lowoctane
hydrocarbons into high-octane compounds
for gasoline production.
4. Hydrocracking. In the petroleum industry,
this material is used to support catalysts in
hydrocracking, a process that breaks down heavy
hydrocarbons into lighter products, including
gasoline and diesel.
The Catalyst Review
Your Author
Mayur Jadhav
Mayur Jadhav is a Business Development Executive at
Matrix Global Speciality.
January 2024
15

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