The_Catalyst_Review_October_2023 - 12

SPECIAL FEATURE
Figure 12. Hydrogen by electrolysis around the world
Based on IRENA report - ISBN 978-92-9260-295-6 (2020)
4. Synthetic Natural Gas
In the 19th century, natural gas (NG) was primarily
used to power lights - in buildings and on the
streets. Today, technology has expanded the use of
natural gas for many applications. We can generate
electricity with natural gas - with steam turbines
and gas turbines. Many homes use natural gas for
heating because it is more effective than electric
heating pumps. In industry, natural gas is used to
produce chemicals, fertilizers, hydrogen, etc. The
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
and the International Energy Agency (IEA) have
both emphasized the importance of carbon capture,
use, and storage (CCUS) as activities to lowering
anthropogenic CO2
emissions. In this regard, the
conversion of the captured CO2
Applying H2
to produce synthetic
natural (SNG) is one of the noteworthy options that we
are addressing in this paper.
More thermodynamic data are
shown in Figure 13.
A simplified diagram of a SNG
plant using CO2
and H2
O
electrolysis is shown in Figure
14, based on R. Chauvy et
al (2022). The various major
equipment items such as
compressors, heat exchangers,
reactors and gas-liquid
separation are shown. Most of
the fixed capital is needed for
CO2
capture, CO2
production, one needs
to add 40%, 32% and 20% to
obtain the total fixed capital
costs.
Figure 13. Thermodynamics of SNG production from CO2
Based on C.L.Yaws (1999)
made by electrolysis technology, SNG can be produced according to CO2
and water electrolysis
+ 4H2 <---> CH4 + 2H2O ΔH0
298 = -165 kJ/Mol
methanation
and gas upgrading, ranging
from about 60% to 80%. Using
AEL, PEM or SOEC technology
for H2
Figure 14. Simplified diagram of a SNG plant using CO2
Adaption to R.Chauvy, et al, [2022] and S.Szima, et al, [2021]
12
The Catalyst Review
and H2
O electrolysis
October 2023
The_Catalyst_Review_October_2023

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