eBook: Breakthroughs and Innovations in Immunology Research - 24

sociated macrophages (TAMs) are particularly
abundant in tumors and can efficiently migrate to
tumor sites. Studies have revealed that hypoxia-induced
tumor cells and stroma secrete chemokines
such as CCL2, CCL12, M-CSF, and growth factor
VEGFA, which correlates with macrophage accumulation.
However, CAR-M therapy is still a novel
approach, and its research primarily preclinical. A
major challenge of macrophage-based therapies is
balancing macrophage expansion with therapeutic
efficacy. Although iPSCs could serve to generate
macrophages, offering a potential solution for efficient
macrophage production, this approach is still
under development.
Future outlook
The field of CAR-T therapy has been revolutionary
and the most promising cell therapy for hematological
tumors as demonstrated by multiple
FDA approvals. Ongoing research aims at overcoming
the limitations associated with CAR-T
therapy and exploring alternative CAR-based
therapies such as CAR-NK and CAR-M. While novel
strategies for dendritic cells and B cells have
been introduced as well, their therapeutic potential
requires further investigation.
Moreover, innovative approaches such as the development
of multi-target CAR-Ts have emerged
to broaden antigen coverage, with recent strategies
targeting ≥2 antigens. Multi-target CAR-T cells
have been shown to improve anti-tumor efficacy,
CAR-T cell persistence and specificity, prevent tumor
escape, and decrease the risk of severe CRS.
In addition, numerous studies using dual-target
combinations and even trivalent CAR-T cells are
currently underway. However, the efficacy of novel
CAR-based cell therapy remains limited by a lack
of clinical experience, and multi-target CAR-T cells
only address antigen loss. CAR-based cell therapies
still need to address issues such as effective cell
generation, tumor infiltration, and cytotoxicity.
Sino Biological, the world's leading supplier of
bioreagents and CRO services for biopharmaceutical
research, offers comprehensive solutions for
CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy development. Our
reagents and services support our clients through
the whole developmental process, from early target
discovery to preclinical research and development.
References
1. Maakaron, J., et al. BMJ. 378:e068956 (2022).
2. Qin, V. M., et al. Cancers. 13(3):404 (2021).
3. Pan, K., et al. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 41, 119 (2022).
4. Su, S., et al. Cells. 11(10):1652 (2022).
5. SafarzadehKozani, P., et al. Mol Cancer Ther 20 (7):
1223-1233 (2021).
6. Barros, L. R. C., et al. Cancers, 14, 2667 (2022).
7. Laskowski, T., et al. Nat Rev Cancer 22, 557-575
(2022).
8. Zhang, L., et al. Biomarker Res 10, 12 (2022).
9. Tokarew, N., et al. Br J Cancer 120, 26-37 (2019).
10. Wang, Sh., et al. eBiom. 76, 103873 (2022).
Additional Resource
One-stop Research Support for
CAR-NK Therapy
24
eBook: Breakthroughs and Innovations in Immunology Research

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