March/April 2024 - 108

* The maximum pile-driving load was
limited due to the relatively narrow
pile shaft. Therefore, the contractor
in 1964 was not able to install the
pile sufficiently deep. This resulted
in a lower bearing capacity than
planned, and ultimately caused the
damage to the bridge.
Demolished access ramp on the south bank
* The removal of extended-toediameter
piles is relatively difficult,
if not impossible. The relatively
narrow pile shaft here, again, limits
the pulling force that can be applied,
and the wide foot acts as a kind of
anchor. This results in high costs for
the removal, and pieces will remain
in the soil, hindering the installation
of the new piles.
For these reasons (and relatively high
production cost), this pile type is not
applied anymore.
Design Solutions
The counterweight basement was
reused and extended to both sides to
accommodate the wider bridge and the
larger counterweight. The hydraulic
actuator of the bridge deck was connected
to a separate steel foundation
pile to reduce the loads on the old concrete
floor and piles of the counterweight
basement.
The central pillar in the channel was
also reused. However, according to
current design codes, the piles had
insufficient bearing capacity and the
pillar had to be widened as well. The
Top view of the central pillar in the channel
wider bridge deck could be accommodated
by extending the pillar to both
sides. On each side of the central pillar,
four steel tubular screw piles with
grout-injection at the pile tip were
installed for this purpose. Above the
new piles, concrete extensions to the
central pillar were constructed. Grout
jacks were placed between the pile
heads and the concrete structure. The
new piles were preloaded to premobilize
the geotechnical resistance of
the piles and at the same time reduce
the load on the old piles under the
existing part of the central pillar. The
load on these piles was reduced enough
to comply with current design codes.
As a result, the old piles that previously
showed insufficient bearing
capacity were able to handle the
reduced load due to redistributing a
large part of the load to the new piles.
The old piles underneath the failed
supports were reused in the new
construction. The damaged concrete
access ramps were replaced by
geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankments,
designed following the 2016
Dutch Design Guideline CUR226 for
basal reinforced piled embankments.
The old piles underneath the supports of
the old access ramps had been placed at
a 2.5 x 10 m (8 x 33 ft) centre to centre pile
spacing. New precast concrete piles
108 * DEEP FOUNDATIONS * MAR/APR 2024

March/April 2024

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of March/April 2024

TOC
March/April 2024 - Intro
March/April 2024 - 1
March/April 2024 - 2
March/April 2024 - TOC
March/April 2024 - 4
March/April 2024 - 5
March/April 2024 - 6
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