March/April 2024 - 111

system is the continuous registration of
the exerted penetration force. Each pile
is documented with a cone penetration
test-like diagram. Failing piles could be
recognised easily. Piles that did not
reach the final depth could be evaluated
quite easily for use in the construction
because the push-in force is a good
indication for the bearing capacity.
Conclusions and
Recommendations
This project - as far as the authors are
aware of - for the first time, reused old
piles as part of the pile field for a
geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankment
with vertical slopes. Other
innovations were:
* Reusing piled foundation with
insufficient bearing capacity by
transferring existing loads to newly
installed extra piles, thus reducing
the load on the old piles.
* Demolishing as few parts and
reusing as many parts of the old
bridge as possible.
For such a complex project, the total
delay was limited, and the full project
was successfully delivered within
budget. Although reusing old structures
comes with challenges regarding design
codes, the potential benefits from an
economical and environmental point of
view are often considerable. Extending
the lifetime of existing structures is the
Access ramp south bank (west side) final result
most economical option and is also the
most environmentally friendly choice.
Second best is reusing as many parts of
old structures as possible. Within the
constraints of this project, reusing and
adapting the existing structures was
possible and has been exploited to the
fullest. In the end, this has resulted in
shorter building time, lower cost and a
much smaller impact on the environment
(fewer primary building materials
used, less noise, fewer traffic diversions
and waterway obstructions, etc.).
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank the
clients (the city of Delft, province of
South-Holland and the regional public
transport authority) for their openThis
article was from the 2023 Conference on Foundation Decarbonization
and Re-use. Find out more about this year's upcoming event on page 31.
minded attitudes toward this innovative
design approach. The practical suggestions
and optimisations of the building
contractor van Spijker infrabouw and its
advisor for the final piled embankment
design Bas Snijders of Crux B.V. have
been appreciated as well.
Rodriaan Spruit, Ph.D., is a geotechnical consulting
engineer for the city of Rotterdam, the
Netherlands. His expertise is in urban infrastructure
design, execution of geotechnical
construction in urban environments and field
monitoring (including fibre optic sensing).
Albert Allaart, Ph.D, Ir., is project
leader/project manager for the City of Rotterdam,
working mainly on infrastructure
projects in urban environments including
tunnels, subsurface parking structures,
bridges, viaducts and more, both in preparation,
design and execution of all relevant
disciplines.
Hans Pacejka, Ir., is a project manager
with the City of Rotterdam with expertise in
civil engineering and hydraulic engineering
including the design of quay walls, fendering,
jetties, scour protection, cathodic protection
and inspection of underwater steel structures.
Suzanne van Eekelen, Ph.D., works at
The 2nd annual Conference on Foundation Decarbonization and Re-use is
being held May 28-30, 2024, at KIT Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam.
The conference is co-organized by the KIVI Engineering Society and DFI.
Learn more at www.dfi-events.org/2024-conference-on-foundationdecarbonization-reuse
Deltares,
the Netherlands, and is an adviser
and researcher in geo-engineering. She is an
expert in the field of geosynthetic reinforcement,
in particular for piled embankments.
She also specializes in laboratory experiments
and field monitoring.
DEEP FOUNDATIONS * MAR/APR 2024 * 111
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March/April 2024

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