May/June 2021 - 108

depth of dense anomalies, such as boulders and other
obstructions. This information is then translated into a threedimensional
sub-bottom profile.
Expanded Investigations
To limit the risk of differing site conditions and other
geotechnical-related claims, a site investigation for marine
projects should include various investigation methods (e.g.,
sampling, drilling, probing, in situ testing and laboratory soil
testing). Each adds information to help a design engineer avoid
the leading causes of geotechnical-related claims, including
misclassification or mischaracterization of soils and not
ensuring precise enough specification of pile types and lengths.
Having multiple investigation methods also gives bidding
contractors a more complete picture of the sub-bottom and
conditions that could affect construction. For example,
whereas SPTs or CPTs may miss isolated boulders or obstructions,
seafloor-penetrating acoustic methods that present a
broader view are capable of detecting these isolated conditions.
Given the challenges of marine construction identified
above and the substantial cost and time impacts of design
changes and differing site conditions on these projects (as
evidenced by that 34 percent average budget overrun mentioned),
a comprehensive, fulsome, multimethod, thorough
subsurface investigation is a warranted and wise investment.
108 * DEEP FOUNDATIONS * MAY/JUNE 2021

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May/June 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of May/June 2021

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May/June 2021 - Intro
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