May/June 2021 - 75

UWA machine while working
SPECIAL
ISSUE
Underwater Anchoring to
Strengthen Italian Wharves
As merchant vessels and cruise ships
have grown in size, port authorities
worldwide have needed to consider
technology to address the increasing
demand for draft on wharves during a
vessel's approach. This need, due to
draft (the vertical distance between the
waterline and the bottom of the hull or
keel), has led to investments in modernized
docking facilities, either by
creating new mooring works, or by
adapting existing docks to a new seabed.
The latter approach commonly
involves dredging harbours to a depth
significantly below sea level. For
instance, a project for the Port Authority
of Ravenna in Italy that is described in
this article involved deepening the
harbour bottom at certain wharves.
Those wharves could have been reconstructed
with longer, heavier sheet
piling. However, an approach that was
less disruptive to vessel activity,
underwater anchoring (UWA), was
chosen for structural reinforcement of
the wharves.
UWA technology allows existing
works to be adapted for the quality
standards of today's merchant traffic.
These new requirements are due to
the increasingly heavy loads that
circulate above mooring docks, and the
increased stresses to which docks
become subjected over time. The technology
development received DFI's
2020 Ben C. Gerwick Award for Innovation
in the Design and Construction of
Marine Foundations.
In the Port of Ravenna, the harbour
bottom of wharves of the SAPIR
Terminal and of neighbouring docks
were deepened to 39 ft (11.9 m), and the
port works consolidated with tie rods. A
robotics-based approach to installing
ICOASTAL
NFRASTRUCTURE
FEATURE ARTICLE
tie rods under water was developed and
tested in this project. Additional constraints
were provided in a zone around
the bulkheads where stresses are
expected to be higher, as predicted by
the soil analysis and geotechnical
considerations.
Anchoring Equipment
An experimental test site was established
within the Intermodal Port of
Ravenna. The site near dock 18 allowed
underwater tie rods to be installed,
monitored and tested over two months,
with fundamental assistance from
Tecniwell, who supplied all the
equipment.
The system consists of a drill rig unit
operating from the quay and a " drilling
cell " that is the only portion immersed.
The cell allows remote-controlled
execution of tie rod anchoring in the
AUTHORS Davide Serrau and Cesare Melegari, Under Water Anchor, and Riccardo Arvedi, Sapir Engineering
DEEP FOUNDATIONS * MAY/JUNE 2021 * 75

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Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of May/June 2021

TOC
May/June 2021 - Intro
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