May/June 2022 - 101

1. For NYC code compliance, with long
incremental hold times (consistent
with ASTM D1143-20 Procedure B),
loading to 2 x working load, and 24hour
holds at the maximum load
and at the end of the test
2. For design validation and refinement,
using the ASTM D1143-20
Quick Test hold times and testing
until the pile toe moved sufficiently
to fully mobilize resistance
Lateral tests were also performed. The
loads were relatively small, the measured
resistance was large, and special
Figure 3: Example installation record and nearby SPT N-value log
Instrumented Static Load
Testing
The piles were designed by the neutral
plane method, well described by
Fellenius and others. While the neutral
plane method does not consider drag
load in comparison to the geotechnical
resistance of a pile, drag stresses must
be compared to structural resistance.
Drag must also be applied as a contributor
to total pile head deflection in
comparison to allowable pile head
deflection. Therefore, the static loading
tests needed to apply load sufficient to
overcome the pile skin friction above
the third clay layer so that deformation
under full structural dead load plus drag
load could be measured. For this reason,
the piles were loaded to at least 760 kips
(3.38 MN) and to failure instead of
480 kips (2.14 MN)
(2 x total working
loads) as the NYC
building code required.
Because of
conc e rns t ha t
building code officials
would require
strict adherence
to their code
procedures, two
sets of tests were
needed:
Figure 6: Load frame
analyses were not required for interpretation
or application to design.
Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show the sister
bar strain gauges, their installation
through the fluid grout in one of the test
piles, the load frame and the pile head
instrumentation.
A summary of the times required for
Figures 4 and 5: Sister bar strain gauges (left), instrumentation being installed
through fluid grout in pile (right)
static load testing are provided in Table
2. Note that the tests for compliance
with the NYC building code took 2.5
times longer than the modern test and
did not contribute useful data for
determining toe bearing vs. deformation
nor skin friction in the deeper layers.
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