May/June 2023 - 17

carried costs for pre-augering was
expected, the actual refusals were
occurring much deeper than could be
economically addressed with preaugering.
At the start, refusal was
defined as any drain that didn't get
within 5 ft (1.5 m) of design tip
elevation. To meet the letter of the
specification, there were instances
where two additional offset 65 ft (20 m)
wick drains were installed within 18 in
(450 mm) of the initial 65 ft (20 m)
" refused " wick drain, with each trying
to get to 76 ft (23 m).
The first additional site characterization
that explored the newly placed
dredged fill did not occur until two
weeks into the wick drain installation.
The results of the cone penetration
testing (CPT) are presented in the table.
The results of the CPTs did not
change the target for the wick drain
design. Instead, it became a reference for
the design team to ultimately accept
whether the drains in that area were
final, or if additional remedial wick
Wick drain installation and the Goodyear Blimp
A majority of the wick drains were met with shallow
refusals and reattempts at nearly every location.
drains would need to be installed.
Specifically, it changed the acceptance
criteria of the drains that would be
decided after instal lat ion. This
ultimately led to delays in the project
and quantity overruns with nearly three
times as much material being installed
per drain. The effect was further
compounded when the port decided that
the last area would have the wick drains
installed from the top of the surcharge
pile. This required deeper pre-augering
than what was initially proposed and
deeper than the team's capabilities at
the time. The port ultimately directed
the general contractor to directly
subcontract the predrill contractor and
wick drain installation continued at the
Installation with reattempted wicks in the foreground
DEEP FOUNDATIONS * MAY/JUNE 2023 * 17
pace of the downhole hammer preauger
production, approximately 60
drains a day, less than a quarter of the
production anticipated at bid time.
Final Impacts
Ultimately, the cost of the wick drain
contract ended up being double what
was bid with the total cost impact to
the project being approximately four
times the initial contract. The wick
drain installation and remediation
cost 10 months of delay to the overall
project schedule. The lack of borings
and CPTs through the newly placed
dredged material was inevitable based
on how the project was bid. However,
the lack of site characterization prior

May/June 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of May/June 2023

TOC
May/June 2023 - Intro
May/June 2023 - 1
May/June 2023 - 2
May/June 2023 - TOC
May/June 2023 - 4
May/June 2023 - 5
May/June 2023 - 6
May/June 2023 - 7
May/June 2023 - 8
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