Evaluation Engineering - 25

latency and massive IoT device use cases
are really coming in Release 16, as is also
more on the implementation of the millimeter-wave technologies. I think there are
still a lot of decisions regarding Release
16, but it is wrapping up, so I think the
main issues are pretty well understood.
And there will be one more 5G release
before the move into 6G.
One question involves practical considerations for the consumer of the technology who is thinking about an industrial
setting or a sports arena or something
like that. The question is whether to use
5G or the newer versions of Wi-Fi technology, which have some of the same goals
as 5G. There both technical and business
decisions that the consumers will have to
make. There is discussion of private 5G
networks on unlicensed bands, so do you
go with a private 5G network or do you
set up a next-generation Wi-Fi network?
There is an emerging trend where evaluation of those alternatives is going to be an
important consideration for the consumers of the technologies-each technology
will end up finding its place, but it's not
completely clear yet which one will win
in which scenarios.
RN: Other thoughts?
KK: We talked about scatterer-rich environments, but there is also just spectrum
congestion. There are situations where
there are incumbents and new technologies in the available spectrum, so we are
hearing a lot from our customers about
coexistence and interference mitigation
as other engineering challenges. If you
are transmitting and receiving one particular type of signal, how do you make
sure that is done in a robust way given
that there are lots of other signals in the
same frequency bands that you have to
deal with?
RN: Dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS)
is one approach for getting 5G and LTE
to coexist.
KK: That's right. And we are seeing
similar situations elsewhere. A couple
of years ago there was the introduction
of the Citizens Band Radio Service.4 The

FCC made available some spectrum that
used to be and still is being used by Naval
radars but is now available for LTE. So,
if you happen to be in a port city where
there are Navy ships and an LTE network
that you want to use that spectrum for,
some interesting spectrum-management
problems arise. And that won't be the last
example, I am sure.

REFERENCES

1. Nelson, Rick, "Special Report: Innovations from
semiconductors to digital twins drive 5G," EEEvaluation Engineering, December 2019, p. 6.
2. Nelson, Rick, "Models and simulation support
digital twins and industrial IoT," EE-Evaluation
Engineering, December 2019, p. 16.
3. "5G shares the stage with 6G at the sixth annual
Brooklyn 5G Summit," NYU Tandon School of
Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, May 7, 2019.
4. "Citizens Band Radio Service (CBRS)," FCC, April
13, 2017.

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Evaluation Engineering

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