Evaluation Engineering - 22

AUTOMOTIVE TEST

Sponsored by

for cybersecurity testing, which will be an
important element for autonomous vehicles so their commands cannot be overridden. The Keycom LiDAR target simulators
Anritsu represents can test autonomous
vehicles under all conditions. The LiDAR
simulators create corner cases in the lab
that rarely occur in the real world."
A screenshot from ANSYS' VRXPERIENCE
software.

will make different decisions. You can
have pedestrians coming out of nowhere,
weather fluctuations, etc., and put them
all together. You can rigorously test if the
software will make the right decisions. Our
software allows you to put those sensors
on a virtual car, driving in a virtual world,
driven by real-world software."
Kregoski, Rohde & Schwarz: "Connectivity
is an important aspect of autonomous
vehicles. Another way of looking at this
is to consider autonomous vehicles as
an indivisible part of a connected and
cooperative system. The C-V2X technology enables vehicles to share critical data
with other vehicles and their surroundings-bringing safety applications to life.
Communication over 5G link ensures
data is transferred with high reliability
and with very low latency, which is critical
for applications like self-driving and remote driving. While building key modules
of autonomous vehicles, it is essential to
first test these modules using simulations
in a lab environment."
Stasonis, Pickering: "Each level of autonomous vehicles defines the need for 'more
data.' With each level comes more and
more sensors and cameras to help determine how the vehicle is to respond to its
environment. With more data to parse,
the more testing is required. As this data
moves at higher and higher data rates,
protocol testing now involves RF and
microwave-level switching."
Khan, Anritsu: "Our MD8475B can be
used for autonomous vehicles because it
can efficiently simulate how the vehicles
will connect to cellular networks in the lab,
saving time and money. It can also be used

EVALUATION ENGINEERING OCTOBER 2019

Weiller, Keysight: "Considering that a
modern vehicle has now evolved from
a single radar sensor to a dozen, two
challenges have emerged. The first is to
rapidly design arrays of signal emitting
elements, where each contributes to the
overall coverage without disturbing its
neighbors. Keysight's SystemVue Radar
Library provides highly-parameterized
simulation models and higher-level reference design workspaces that allow designers to create radar system operation
scenarios, including radar signal generation, processing, and environmental effects. The second challenge is to ensure
that manufacturing properly implements
what R&D designed. This requires consistent testing solutions spanning testing at
the module level and at the system level
throughout the entire process."

Multiphysics
Can automotive electronics design take
place in isolation, or must multiple domains (electronics, mechanical, etc.) be
considered simultaneously in a multiphysics environment?
Maeyer and Wyatt, Averna: "Automotive
design can begin in isolation, but only as a
starting point. There are too many outside
factors that need to be considered when
designing any piece on a vehicle, because
of the way a car is used. There is so much
wear-and-tear on a vehicle, whether it be
road conditions, environmental conditions, or the way consumers treat the car.
As an example, humidity & temperature
vary greatly, due to the location a car will
be sold, seasons changing, different altitudes they will travel, etc. These conditions
all have an effect on electronics. Another
example would be windows. Automatic
windows are controlled by a PCB. The PCB
can be developed in a lab and can control
the window, but the mechanics of the door

need to be considered, such as the effects
of what will happen if a person decides to
close it too quickly."
Sovani, ANSYS: "We have more and more
complicated systems working simultaneously. And increasingly more often, they
are made of a large number of components
of very different types-gears and shafts,
electronics, and software. All of them have
to work together. Nowadays, a rigorous
and methodical approach is used in development. It's a well-known adage that
optimized components do not create an
optimized system. You have to optimize
the system and the components with respect to the system. It's not just multiphysical-it's multidomain. We have to test the
software and the hardware together to see
if the system is performing correctly."
Kregoski, Rohde & Schwarz: "It is clear
that various subsystems within a vehicle
can be developed separately from the
complete multiple domain environment.
However, testing of the system as a whole
is critical before a vehicle is released to the
public. There are a few testing requirements that are essential to ensuring the
multidomain ecosystem works correctly.
One of these areas is communication
between modules through the testing of
the Ethernet interfaces and harnesses.
Another critical area of testing is EMC
coexistence and OTA radiated emissions,
and Rohde & Schwarz offers comprehensive lab-quality measurement solutions,
including test equipment, chambers, and
specialized services that can help."
Stasonis, Pickering: "Of course, there can
be some ECU functions that can be defined
and tested in a stand-alone environment.
However, in the case of any electronics involved with navigation and safety, and the
level of automation defined, the majority of
the systems involved complement or rely
on each other. And because of possible liability that can come from a failure, HILS
testing has an increasing role in the design
and testing of the newest automobiles. The
mechanics are married to electronic systems more often in system development
and final assembly of the vehicle rather
than in ECU manufacturing."

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Evaluation Engineering

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