Dentaltown January 2020 - 63
Table 1
Periodontitis Stage
Severity
Complexity
Extent and
distribution
Stage I
Stage II
Stage III
Stage IV
Interdental CAL
at site of
greatest loss
1-2 mm
3-4 mm
≥ 5 mm
≥ 5 mm
Radiographic
bone loss
Coronal third
(< 15%)
Coronal third
(15-33%)
Extending to
mid-third of root
and beyond
Extending to
mid-third of root
and beyond
Tooth loss
No tooth loss due to periodontitis
Loss of four or
fewer teeth due
to periodontitis
Loss of five or
more teeth due
to periodontitis
Local
Maximum probing
depth ≥ 4 mm
Maximum probing
depth ≥ 5 mm
Mostly horizontal
bone loss
Mostly horizontal
bone loss
In addition to
Stage II complexity:
* Probing depth
≥ 6mm
* Vertical bone loss
≥ 3mm
* Furcation
involvement
Class II or III
* Moderate ridge
defect
In addition to Stage III
complexity, need for
complex rehabilitation
due to:
* Masticatory dysfunction
* Secondary occlusal
trauma (tooth mobility
degree ≥ 2)
* Severe ridge defect
* Bite collapse, drifting,
flaring
* Less than 20 remaining
teeth (10 opposing pairs)
Add to stage
as descriptor
Key definitions
According to the updated classifications,
a patient has periodontitis if:
* Interdental clinical attachment
loss (CAL) is detectable in two
or more nonadjacent teeth.
* Buccal or lingual CAL ≥ 3 mm with
pocketing > 3 mm is detectable
in two or more teeth.
* The observed CAL cannot be
ascribed to trauma-induced gingival
recession, dental caries extending
to the cervical area, endodontic
lesions draining through the
periodontium, or tooth fractures.
For each stage, describe extent as localized (less than 30% of teeth involved),
generalized, or molar/incisor pattern.
The new classification of periodontitis
is based on a two-vector system defined by
stage and grade, inspired by a scheme used
in oncology.
Stage classifies the severity and extent of
current tissue loss, including tooth loss due
to periodontitis. As seen in Table 1, this
classification incorporates an assessment of
the level of complexity of management of
the patient's condition.
According to the revised ground rules
for assessing the stage of periodontal disease:
* The stage is defi ned on the basis
of the most severe fi nding and on
the patient level, not the individual
tooth level.
*
*
*
The stage is assigned before treatment
and cannot revert after therapy, but
may advance over time if the
periodontal conditions deteriorate
significantly.
Disease severity, case complexity and
periodontitis-associated tooth loss
are "alternative paths" that guide the
selection of the appropriate stage.
Selection of the appropriate stage
requires more than "checking off"
individual boxes; it is a deliberate
process that necessitates a holistic
evaluation of multiple findings.
dentaltown.com \\ JANUARY 2020
63
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Dentaltown January 2020
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