February 2020 - 25

PHEROMONE DISRUPTION
Having trouble monitoring Oriental Fruit Moths
in your mating disrupted orchards?
Damage done to an apple by a coddling moth.
control of early-stage codling moth
larvae. This virus was developed for
commercial use in Europe and has
been used in the United States under
the brand name Cyd-X. Degree-day
monitoring is necessary to time the
application of Cyd-X.
The trichogramma wasp is
increasingly used in U.S. orchards
as a biological control organism
against codling moth. The wasps can
be ordered from insectaries, which
ship them as pupae inside parasitized
grain moth eggs glued to perforated
cards (100,000 trichogramma per
card). Each card can be broken into 30
squares, allowing for even distribution
in orchards and fields.
Trichogramma parasitize freshly
deposited moth eggs, so release of
the adult wasps should be timed
to coincide with moth egg-laying.
Degree-day monitoring can help
determine when egg laying is
occurring. Trichogramma feed
on insect eggs, nectar, pollen,
and honeydew. They live much
longer and destroy more codling
moths when supplied with nectar.
Good nectar and pollen sources
in and around the orchard, such
as borders or strips of unsprayed
alfalfa, sorghum, sunflower, corn,
clovers and wildflowers will
increase Trichogramma parasitism of
pest eggs.
Beneficial organisms are not
sufficient by themselves to affect
a commercially acceptable level
of control; rather, they play a
potentially potent part in an overall
long-range ecological management
strategy. Best results are usually
observed after three to five years
of releases, as the population of
beneficials grows.
Sanitation and cultural practices can
help reduce codling moth populations.
Woodpiles, boxes, and bins can be
a major source of reinfestation, so
these should be kept away from the
orchard. If wooden crates or boxes are
discovered to contain codling moth
pupal cases, they can be disinfested by
scorching with a propane torch.
In smaller orchards, codling moth
larvae can also be intercepted as they
descend the trunk to pupate in bark
crevices, soil, and certain weed stems.
Wrap the trunks with corrugated
cardboard, which will provide an
attractive artificial pupation site. In
areas with only one generation of
codling moth, remove and burn the
cardboard at the end of the season.
If there are two or more generations,
the cardboard should be removed and
destroyed about a month after the first
larvae moved down to pupate.
To determine the timing of this
larval movement, use the degree-day
method described above or employ
a trap of a 6-inch-wide burlap
strip painted with Tanglefoot and
wrapped around the trunk just above
the cardboard wraps. FGN
" For use in mating disrupted orchards. "
* PHEROCON OFM COMBO DUAL captures Oriental Fruit Moth
when OFM pheromone alone is shut down.
* Best product to use in your mating disrupted " Stone Fruit "
orchards and in " Pome Fruit " when Oriental Fruit Moth is an
invasive species.
* Captures both male and female Oriental Fruit Moth versus
males only with OFM pheromone alone.
+
NOTE: Install lures as shown with flat
side up and cup side down in glue.
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February 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of February 2020