February 2022 - 28

MATING DISRUPTION
OFM
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 27
determined, traps can be inspected
once per week throughout the
season to establish action thresholds
(see chemical control).
* Pheromone-baited traps also
catch lesser appleworm, so it will
be important to know how to
distinguish between the two.
Cultural/biological
* Remove and destroy infested apples
so they do not increase the OFM
population of the next generation.
* Although there are parasitoids that
attack OFM (primarily at the larval
stage) their role in controlling OFM
in commercial orchards is minimal
because of their low natural
populations and high susceptibility
to commonly used insecticides.
Chemical
* Refer to the New England Tree Fruit
Management Guide (netreefrut.
org) for specific materials and
rates recommended for managing
Oriental fruit moth.
* Chemical control of OFM can be
improved by using pheromone trap
data and a degree-day (DD) model
to establish optimum timing of
insecticide sprays targeting newly
hatched larvae.
* For first-generation OFM,
one insecticide spray between
35045°-37545° DD after biofix is
recommended. Note: The normal
petal fall spray should control OFM
larvae hatching early in the season.
* After the first spray, secondgeneration
populations are expected
to be very low and might not need
sprays at all. A second insecticide
spray may be necessary if less than
10 moths/trap/week are caught
when 145045°-150045° DD have
accumulated after the initial biofix.
For the third generation, sprays
are needed after 3-4 days if >10
moths/trap/week and if there is fruit
damage.
* Rotate insecticides from different
IRAC groups to reduce the chance of
resistance development in the pest.
Summit tackles codling moth
A free virtual " Codling Moth (CM)
Summit " will be held Feb. 24. The
session will include a long-term look
at the biology, control and treatment
of CM.
The event is sponsored by
Washington State University
Extension, Oregon State University
Extension, Northwest Horticultural
Council, Washington Tree Fruit
Research Commission and WilburEllis.
It will feature recorded
presentations and time for questions
and answers.
The summit will be held from
11 a.m.-7:30 p.m. Register by
Feb. 22 at https://www.eventbrite.
com/e/codling-moth-summittickets-231248238707
For
registration questions contact:
WSU Extension - Email: prosserext@
co.benton.wa.us
Phone: 509-786-5609 or 509-7885459.
The
foundation
Knowing the fundamentals of
codling moth biology, pheromone traps,
and models is critical for implementing
control tactics. The science must be
understood to implement the practices
and adjust controls.
* Biology and ecology: A
presentation of codling
moth history, host ranges,
reproduction, and the
influence of temperature on
development.
* The decision triad:
* Predictive models: Models
predict the expected
development (phenology)
of an insect, but do not
always represent exact field
populations. Interpretation of
models will be discussed.
* Monitoring and identification:
Trap placement, density and
lure type are affected by the
biology and dispersion of
Control Tactics
Successful integrated pest
management (IPM) programs
integrate four pillars of control
tactics and are flexible enough to
adjust for seasonal changes in pest
and beneficial insect populations.
The most stable IPM programs take
a multi-tactic approach, utilizing as
many pillars of control as possible.
IPM programs that don't follow
this strategy lead to programs
that become inherently variable in
performance.
* Autocidal: Techniques that
control insects by reducing
their reproduction potential.
* Mating disruption: History
to current practices.
Essential to an IPM program
is understanding the
different pheromone release
techniques and their unique
strengths and weaknesses
used in mating disruption.
* SIR: The tales of two
countries - Sterile Insect
Release (SIR) programs
have been used successfully
under an areawide concept in
other countries with different
models for deployment.
* Cultural control: Orchard
sanitation and proper bin
management are examples
codling moth. Knowing how to
interpret counts in relation to
prior experience is key in pest
management.
* Socioeconomic and orchard
management: Orchard pest
management, like pruning
and thinning, is expensive and
conducted on viable blocks.
Abandoned or neglected
orchards can lead directly to
high populations of codling
moth infesting neighboring
blocks.
of direct pest removal
while netting and bagging
fruit are exclusion tactics.
Practicing even one of them
will help reduce codling moth
populations.
* Chemical: The success of
codling moth chemical control
is dependent upon rotation
of products to avoid pesticide
resistance, optimization of
sprayers and the planning of
a robust spray program.
* Resistance management:
Historically, the availability
of different chemical choices
has been driven by regulations
and pesticide resistance.
Understanding how the
overuse of chemical classes
leads to the loss of products
should be the foundation of a
spray program.
* How to build a spray
program: Chemical choices
are clear, but the challenge
is how to build a spray
program that incorporates
" The Decision Triad " and
takes advantage of the
selectiveness (ovicides,
larvicides) of new
chemistries.
* Sprayers: Sprayer calibration
and optimization per canopy
architecture is achievable if it
is prioritized by management
and personnel to understand
the effect of air, nozzles and
rates on deposition.
The apex: IPM roof
Codling moth control is perpetual
to avoid crop loss and outbreaks. Area
wide management with all IPM tactics
is critical with this highly mobile,
multi-generational pest.
- Washington State University
Extension
* Consider using mating disruption,
a technique that involves the
deployment of pheromone
dispensers to confuse males
and limit their ability to locate
females. Mating disruption is only
recommended for orchards of less
than 5 acres in size. FGN
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February 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of February 2022
