November 2020 - 12

UC explores alternatives to fumigants for strawberries
By Pamela Kan-Rice
University of California
Strawberries, which generated
$2.2 billion for California growers
mainly on the coast in 2019, are
sensitive to soilborne diseases.
Strawberry plant roots infected by
fungi are unable to take in nutrients
and water, causing the leaves and
stems to wilt. The diseases reduce
fruit yields and eventually kill
infected plants.
To protect the delicate plants
from pathogens, strawberry growers
fumigate the soil with pesticides such as
chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene
before planting transplants. Due to
the potential negative effects on the
environment and human health,
however, use of fumigants are highly
regulated and developing non-fumigant
alternatives has been a priority of the
strawberry industry.
For a biological alternative to
manage soilborne diseases in
strawberries, Joji Muramoto, University
of California (UC) Cooperative Extension
organic production specialist based at
UC Santa Cruz, has received a $411,395
grant from USDA National Institute
of Food and Agriculture to study
the ability of other crops to suppress
strawberry pathogens in the soil.
Verticillium wilt, caused
Soilborne diseases reduce strawberry yields and eventually kill infected plants. Photos: Joji Muramoto
by Verticillium dahliae, is a
common soilborne disease that
can be controlled with anaerobic
soil disinfestation (ASD), a
fermentation-based biological
treatment using carbon sources such
as rice bran under plastic mulch
in moist soils for 3 to 5 weeks in
autumn. About 2,000 acres of berry
fields, mostly organic, were treated
with ASD in California and Baja
California, Mexico, in 2019.
In 2008-09, the diseases fusarium
wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp. fragariae, and charcoal rot,
caused by Macrophomina phaseolina,
emerged in Southern California
and now threaten strawberry plants
throughout the state.
ASD isn't as effective against
F. oxysporum and M phaseolina
unless it is applied in summer on
the coast. As saprophytes, they
feed not only on living plants, but
Empire State Producers
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November 2020

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