Midwest Vegetable Guide - 2022 - 26

Transplant Production
use is not prohibited. Apply according to labeled rates and
timing.
Products that may be used in the greenhouse are listed in
Sanitizers Table.
Seed Treatments
Seed treatments are useful for preventing damping-off and
some other root diseases in vegetable crops. Seed treatments
can also eliminate certain pathogens carried in or on the seed.
There are two general types of seed treatment: eradicative
and protective.
Eradicative seed treatments kill disease-causing agents on or
within seed and are useful in controlling certain seedborne
diseases.
Protective seed treatments are applied to the seed surface and
protect the seed against decay and damping-off caused by
soilborne organisms.
For more information, see Hot Water and Chlorine Treatment
of Vegetable Seeds to Eradicate Bacterial Plant Pathogens,
Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3085-05,
ohioline.osu.edu.
Hot Water Treatment
When properly used, hot water treatments kill most diseasecausing
organisms on or within seed. This treatment is
suggested for eggplant, pepper, tomato, cucumber, carrot,
spinach, lettuce, celery, cabbage, turnip, radish, and other
crucifer seed. Improper treatment can injure seed. Hot-water
treatment can severely damage cucurbit seed.
Prewarm seed in a loosely woven cotton bag (not over half
full) for 10 minutes in 100°F water. Then, place the
prewarmed seed in a water bath that will constantly hold the
water at the recommended sterilizing temperature (see Water
Bath Temperatures and Treatment Lengths below). The
length of treatment and temperature of the water must be
exact. After treatment, dip bags in cold water to stop heating
action, and then spread seed out to dry. Always apply a
protective seed treatment fungicide to hot-water-treated seed.
This treatment can injure old seed. Always test a small
sample of any seed lot more than a year old by treating it, and
testing for germination to determine the amount of injury, if
any, that might occur.
Water Bath Temperatures and
Treatment Lengths
The water bath temperatures and treatment lengths should be
followed exactly.
Seed
Brussels sprouts, cabbage,
eggplant, spinach, tomato
Broccoli, cauliflower,
cucumber, carrot, collard, kale,
kohlrabi, rutabaga, turnip
Mustard, cress, radish
Pepper
Lettuce, celery, celeriac
Chlorine Treatment
Chlorine treatment effectively removes bacterial and fungal
pathogens on the seed surface. Chlorine treatment is
recommended for pepper, tomato, cucurbits, and other
vegetables if the seeds have not been treated by another
method.
Agitate seeds in a solution of 1 quart of household bleach, 4
quarts of water, and 1 teaspoon of surfactant for 1 minute.
Use 1 gallon of this disinfectant solution per pound of seed
and prepare a fresh solution for each batch. After placing
seed in this solution, remove, and rinse thoroughly in running
tap water for five minutes. After that, spread out seed to dry.
Dust the seed with Thiram 75WP at 1 teaspoon per pound of
seed.
Treat the seed near planting time, as viability may be reduced
over time. Before you treat all seed, we recommend that you
test a small sample of each seed lot first. Treat 50-100 seeds
and see how they germinate. If they germinate well, treat the
rest of the seed lot.
If you treat coated seed or seed treated with fungicide with
hot water or bleach, always dispose of wastewater in an
environmentally sound manner.
For more information, see Hot Water and Chlorine Treatment
of Vegetable Seeds to Eradicate Bacterial Plant Pathogens,
Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet HYG-3085-05,
ohioline.osu.edu.
Fungicide Seed Treatment
Thiram is the most common seed-protectant fungicide. Other
fungicides are recommended for specific crops. These
fungicides are often combined with insecticides, and these
combinations may be superior to fungicide treatment alone.
Purchase treated seed, or dust seed lightly with fungicide
according to label directions.
Do not use treated seed for food or feed.
Temperature (°F) Minutes
122
25
122
122
125
118
20
15
30
30
26
Midwest Veg Guide 2022
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Midwest Vegetable Guide - 2022

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