May/June 2022 - 25

PEST MANAGEMENT
Flat green stink bug first instars.
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Parasitoid Gyron
Adult flat green
stink bug.
pennsylvanicum attacks a
leaffooted bug egg mass.
However, stink bug and leaffooted bug do cause damage
throughout the season, which forces a grower or pest
control advisor to time the seasonal pattern and movement
between the insects and the phenology of the ground cover.
" There are a lot of moving pieces to make it a successful
program for a grower, " said Straser.
Timing is everything.
There are differences in establishment rates with different
ground covers. In the study, some trap crops established well
and held consistently throughout the season. Others never
established well or were outcompeted by resident weeds.
The study, however, was conducted over two drought
years in California, perhaps stunting the growth of the
ground covers due to lack of water. In normal years, fields
would be seeded in the fall, and the resulting trap crop
would have a much larger, thicker stand established by the
time insects are appearing in the spring.
" But we just didn't have rain, " said Daane. " So we seeded
in the spring and irrigated it. "
A low density of leaffooted bug may drop 10 nuts on an
80-nut cluster early in the season. It may seem like a lot,
but with the tree sloughing off so many nuts on its own, this
early-season pest damage won't necessarily change the load
of the tree.
It's different for almond, however. The nuts dropped
are lost at the end of the season. Almond growers are
also concerned about damage a month earlier than
pistachio growers.
" Almond growers want every nut that's on the tree to stay
on the tree, " said Daane. " For them, any loss early in the
season is a loss at the end of the season. "
NATIONALNUTGROWER.COM 25

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May/June 2022

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